NAIMMCQ: Audition

Audition

Showing posts with label Audition. Show all posts

In the article Monkeys Hear Voices it was reported that a 'voice area' in the monkey's brain showed neuronal adaptation to repeated calls from the same individual. This result implies that...

A)
Monkeys have calls that identify different states of arousal in the caller.
B)
Monkeys are different than humans in this regard.
C)
Monkeys can discriminate the identities of other monkeys.
D)
Monkeys have individual names that can be identified by other monkeys.

Answer: C

Which of the following best describes the condition amusia?

A)
A disorder characterized by significantly lowered intelligence, but a marked propensity for music.
B)
The inability to discriminate pitch, commonly known as tone deafness.
C)
The inability to distinguish between emotions of different musical pieces.
D)
The inability to distinguish between notes of the same amplitude and pitch played by two different instruments, due to timbre.

Answer: B

Which of the following is one of the differences between the dorsal and ventral streams?

A)
A signal follows the dorsal stream if the hair cells release an inhibitory neurotransmitter, and dorsal stream if the hair cells release an excitatory neurotransmitter.
B)
Outer hair cells only send information through the dorsal stream, while the inner hair cells send information to both dorsal and ventral streams.
C)
Information regarding where the speaker's sound is coming from follows the dorsal stream, while information about the speaker's gender follow the ventral stream.
D)
The dorsal stream is sent to the forebrain, while the ventral stream is sent to the midbrain.

Answer: C

In humans, where is sound first amplified?

A)
The middle ear
B)
The outer ear
C)
The basilar membrane
D)
The inner ear

Answer: B

Which of the following best describe how loudness perceived?

A)
The greater the intensity of the vibrations, the louder the sound.
B)
The more sound wave cycles per second, the louder the sound.
C)
The more numerous the frequencies in a sound, the louder the sound.
D)
The shorter the height of the sound wave, the louder the sound.

Answer: A

Which of the following best describes a step in sound amplification?

A)
Oval window vibrations cause air in the cochlea to become displaced.
B)
Round window vibrations cause air in the cochlea to become displaced.
C)
The ear canal, which narrows as it approaches the eardrum, first amplifies the incoming sound wave.
D)
The cochlea, which narrows as it approaches the eardrum, first amplifies the incoming sound wave.

Answer: C

Which of the following situations is most likely to occur following damage to the dorsal stream of auditory processing?

A)
Mason is unable to utilize differences in sound waves to determine whether a bark originates from a chihuahua or a rottweiler.
B)
Oliver is unable to utilize differences in purity to determine whether the instrument being played is the violin or the piano.
C)
Kevin is unable to utilize differences in wavelength to determine whether the voice he heard was his sister's or brother's.
D)
Darla is unable to utilize differences in amplitude to determine the location of one of her students that is asking a complex question.

Answer: D

An alien species produces offspring whose basilar membranes differ in length and shape. Which of the following offspring would be able to discriminate between the greatest number of frequencies?

A)
Offspring with a 10 mm basilar membrane that narrowed from the round window.
B)
Offspring with a 5 mm basilar membrane that narrowed from the oval window.
C)
Offspring with a 20 mm basilar membrane that narrowed from the round window.
D)
Offspring with a 15 mm basilar membrane that narrowed from the oval window.

Answer: C

What property is characteristic of hair cells that transmit the neural signal to the brain?

A)
Synaptic connections with thin axons.
B)
Less convergence of their signal to the brain.
C)
Axons whose signal travels slowly to the brain.
D)
Synaptic connections with unmyelinated axons.

Answer: B

A hypothetical species has one ear on the front and one ear on the back of their head. Which of the follow sounds would be most difficult to localize?

A)
Sounds coming from a high elevation
B)
Sounds coming from a low elevation
C)
Sounds coming directly from the right or the left
D)
Sounds coming from directly in front or behind

Answer: C

Which of the following statement regarding audition is correct?

A)
The ossicles transfer incoming sound waves from the air-filled external ear to the fluid-filled middle ear.
B)
The basilar membrane narrows as it moves away from the oval window.
C)
Sound shadow is used to detect location of sounds that are far away.
D)
The auditory cortex has a topographic organization.

Answer: C

Suppose bats evolved to emit a lower frequency sound than they currently do. Based on the principle of co-evolution, which trait would likely evolve in moths over time?

A)
Mechanisms to detect higher frequency noises.
B)
Mechanisms to emit the same frequency noises as bats.
C)
Mechanisms to detect lower frequency noises.
D)
Mechanisms to emit even lower frequency noises than bats.

Answer: C

Which of the following statements about the ear is true?

A)
One of the functions of the ear drum is to separate the fluid-filled middle ear from the air-filled outer ear.
B)
The displacement of the oval window causes movement of both the basilar membrane and the round window.
C)
The eardrum aids in the amplification of sound by vibrating at a higher frequency than the sound wave.
D)
The primary purpose of the ossicles is to transduce the displacement of fluid into a neural signal.

Answer: B

Which of the following is true regarding auditory localization?

A)
Pinna that are dramatically altered reduce the ability to utilize these cues to localize sounds permanently.
B)
Interaural intensity differences are especially valid cues of localization for sounds that originate nearby.
C)
It is difficult to localize sounds coming from directly beside you because the sound is only reaching one ear.
D)
The three main cues for localizing sounds are interaural time differences, interaural frequency differences, and pinna cues.

Answer: B

Denise's grandmother is having difficulty perceiving low frequency sounds. Denise must also yell in order for her grandmother to understand what she is saying. Which two psychological properties of sound is Denise's grandmother not properly processing?

A)
Pitch and amplitude.
B)
Wavelength and loudness.
C)
Pitch and loudness.
D)
Loudness and timbre.

Answer: C

Which of the following is correct regarding the perception of sound?

A)
The perception of loudness corresponds to variations in the distance between each peak of a sound wave.
B)
There is an audible zone of frequencies that humans can hear that differs from what other species can hear.
C)
The majority of sounds that humans hear are composed of a single frequency.
D)
Pitch is measured in hertz (Hz), which is the number of seconds it takes to complete one cycle.

Answer: B

Hailey is born with a genetic abnormality that prevents hair cells from forming on her basilar membrane. Which of the following best describes why Hailey would be unable to hear?

A)
The absence of hair cells would prevent any movement of the basilar membrane.
B)
Auditory stimuli would not be converted to neural impulses.
C)
There would be no vibration of the oval window.
D)
The basilar membrane would be unable to release neurotransmitters.

Answer: B

Which of the following statements is true of pitch perception?

A)
High frequencies displace the basilar membrane closest to the apex.
B)
Frequency theory is able to explain pitch perception above 10,000 Hz.
C)
Volley theory accounts for pitch perception up to 1,000 Hz.
D)
Hair cells respond maximally to one particular frequency.

Answer: D

According to what you know about sound localization as presented in the web modules, which of the following statements is correct?

A)
Pinna cues help to localize sound and are the same in all humans.
B)
Sound is localized easiest when the source is directly in front of you.
C)
Turning your head may help to localize sound directly behind you.
D)
Interaural time difference is useful for localizing sound at a far distance.

Answer: C

If an individual did not have any hair cells on their basilar membrane, what would be the expected effect on the processing of auditory stimuli?

A)
There would be no vibration of the basilar membrane, and no sound would be perceived.
B)
Sound would still be perceived, but it would be difficult to differentiate between sound frequencies.
C)
The brain would not be able to perceive sound, even though sound waves would still cause vibration of the basilar membrane.
D)
Sound would still be perceived, but without the amplification that is conducted by the hair cells.

Answer: C