How many years does it take for an amount of water equal to the entire volume of the ocean to cycle through hydrothermal vents?

How many years does it take for an amount of water equal to the entire volume of the ocean to cycle through hydrothermal vents?

W)1000 years
X) 100,000 years
Y) 10 million years
Z) 1 billion years


Answer: Y

Why are chelators important to marine organisms?

Why are chelators important to marine organisms?

W) They absorb sunlight
X) They bind trace metals
Y) They prevent sinking
Z) They enhance feeding


Answer: X

What environmentally harmful isotope was produced during the 1954 'Bravo' thermonuclear detonation at Bikini Atoll?

What environmentally harmful isotope was produced during the 1954 'Bravo' thermonuclear detonation at Bikini Atoll?

W)Uranium 238
X) Nitrogen-15
Y) Cesium 137
Z) Carbon14


Answer: Y

Which two molecules increase in concentration in deep water as it travels from the North Atlantic to the North Pacific ocean?

Which two molecules increase in concentration in deep water as it travels from the North Atlantic to the North Pacific ocean?

W)Oxygen and nitrate
X) Nitrate and carbon dioxide
Y) Oxygen and carbon dioxide
Z) Carbon dioxide and carbon-14


Answer: X

What is the most abundant excess volatile on Earth?

What is the most abundant excess volatile on Earth?

W)Carbon dioxide
X) Water Vapor
Y) Chlorine
Z) Nitrogen


Answer: X

Which of the following primarily causes the variation in the salinity of seawater?

Which of the following primarily causes the variation in the salinity of seawater?

W)Carbon dioxide
X) Sodium ions
Y) Chloride ions
Z) Water molecules


Answer: Z

Which three factors are responsible for hypoxic zones in the northern Gulf of Mexico?

Which three factors are responsible for hypoxic zones in the northern Gulf of Mexico?

W)Pesticide-laden runoff, high winds, and strong currents
X) Coastal erosion, sedimentation, and spring overturn
Y) High river runoff, vertical stratification, and high biological oxygen demand
Z) Vessel sewage discharges, nutrient elevation, and upwelling


Answer: Y

What does a chemical equation with a negative delta G indicate?

What does a chemical equation with a negative delta G indicate?

W)Releasing energy and not spontaneous
X) Endothermic and spontaneous
Y) Exothermic and may be spontaneous
Z) Using energy and not spontaneous


Answer: Y

In methane hydrates, what traps the methane gas?

In methane hydrates, what traps the methane gas?

W)Carbon dioxide
X) Water
Y) Argon
Z) Oxygen


Answer: X

What is the salinity range where you would find the turbidity maximum in an estuary?

What is the salinity range where you would find the turbidity maximum in an estuary?

W)1 to 5 ppm
X) 5 to 15 ppm
Y) 15 to ppm
Z) 25 to 35 ppm


Answer: W

What does the Law of Constancy of Composition state?

What does the Law of Constancy of Composition state?

W)The relative proportion of ions and their concentrations are virtually constant
X) The relative proportions of ions are virtually constant, but their concentrations may vary
Y) Changes in salinity will result in changes in the ionic concentration
Z) Ionic concentrations remain fairly constant regardless of the local environmental conditions


Answer: X)

Generally, what are conservative elements in seawater?

Generally, what are conservative elements in seawater?

W) Major components
X) Minor components
Y) Easily dissolved
Z) Used in photosynthetic activity


Answer: W)

How does increasing atmospheric pressure affect the boiling point of water?

How does increasing atmospheric pressure affect the boiling point of water?

W)The boiling point decreases
X) The boiling point does not change
Y) The boiling point increases
Z) Water does not boil at higher pressures


Answer: Y)

Which type of heat changes the state of a substance, but does not raise its temperature?

Which type of heat changes the state of a substance, but does not raise its temperature?

W) Transforming heat
X) Sensible heat
Y) Latent heat
Z) Converting heat


Answer: Y

What is the average salinity of the world's oceans?

What is the average salinity of the world's oceans?

W)10
X) 25
Y) 35
Z) 50


Answer: Y

What type of reaction is cellular respiration considered?

What type of reaction is cellular respiration considered?

W)Endothermic
X) Catalytic
Y) Inorganic
Z) Exothermic


Answer: Z

How is organic matter produced in the ocean classified?

How is organic matter produced in the ocean classified?

W)Allochthnonous
X) Autochthonous
Y) Terrigenous
Z) Hydrogenous


Answer: X

Lead-210 with a half-life of 22 years cannot be used to determine the sedimentation of deep-ocean sediments because:

Lead-210 with a half-life of 22 years cannot be used to determine the sedimentation of deep-ocean sediments because:

W)its half-life is too short
X) its half-life is too long
Y) its concentration in these sediments is too high to measure
Z) its concentration in these sediments is too low to measure


Answer: W