In which mental-imaging experiment would "vivid imagers" outperform "non imagers"?

In which mental-imaging experiment would "vivid imagers" outperform "non imagers"?

a. a mental two-point acuity task in which participants are asked to indicate when two imagined dots in the center of their field of vision merge
b. a mental-rotation experiment in which participants are asked whether one object can be rotated to look identical to another object
c. an image-scanning experiment in which participants are asked to mentally scan from the back to the front of the image and then press a button
d. an interference experiment in which participants are asked to detect a moving dot while imagining rotating a box by 75 degrees

Answer: A

Paivio's dual-code hypothesis proposed that

Paivio's dual-code hypothesis proposed that

a. there are two different kinds of memory: symbolic and image based.
b. dual coding interferes with remembering.
c. information that is stored as symbolic is more readily recalled than information stored as propositions.
d. semantic information is more easily stored by images than by words.

Answer: A

Which of the following is NOT evidence that some forms of imagery are spatial and not visual?

Which of the following is NOT evidence that some forms of imagery are spatial and not visual?

a. Blind people can complete mental-rotation experiments as quickly and accurately as sighted people.
b. There is no interference when people are asked to judge the brightness of a light while making a mental-rotation decision.
c. Patients who have lost the ability to detect color in perception also fail to see color in their images.
d. Patients such as L.H. may perform well on spatial imagery tasks but fail on visual imagery tasks.

Answer: D

Which of the following does NOT support the claim that mental images are stored in long-term memory by a propositional "recipe" for how to construct the image?

Which of the following does NOT support the claim that mental images are stored in long-term memory by a propositional "recipe" for how to construct the image?

a. Images with more parts take more time to create.
b. Images that are easier to describe are easier to remember.
c. People are able to control how detailed they want an image to be.
d. Words that are easier to picture are easier to remember.

Answer: D

UNLIKE pictures, mental images are

UNLIKE pictures, mental images are

a. neutral depictions.
b. organized depictions.
c. often unambiguous.
d. visual.

Answer: B

Which of the following is NOT a reason why performance might improve with practice?

Which of the following is NOT a reason why performance might improve with practice?

a. Practice allows us to find the best choice among competing responses.
b. With practice, individual elements of a task draw more on our resources.
c. Memorization is facilitated by repeated exposure.
d. As each aspect of a response is automatized, more resources become available for the next aspect.

Answer: B

Divided attention requires enough mental resources to attend to both tasks. These limited mental resources include all of the following EXCEPT

Divided attention requires enough mental resources to attend to both tasks. These limited mental resources include all of the following EXCEPT

a. task-specific resources.
b. task-general resources that act like a bank account.
c. task-general tools like the response selector.
d. task-general storage space like long-term memory.

Answer: D

What is the main reason why both late and early selection models can be true?

What is the main reason why both late and early selection models can be true?

a. It has to do with visuospatial helper systems.
b. It involves neglect-like behavior in unimpaired adults.
c. The cocktail party effect no longer appears in modern life.
d. It depends on how many resources are consumed by a task.

Answer: D

In the absence of attention

In the absence of attention

a. there is no perception.
b. participants still consciously perceive stimuli if the stimuli are simple enough.
c. participants can perceive most aspects of the world but are not influenced by what they perceive.
d. stimuli may not be consciously perceived but can still have an influence on the perceiver.

Answer: D

Which of the following statements applies to expectation-based priming but not to stimulus-based priming?

Which of the following statements applies to expectation-based priming but not to stimulus-based priming?

a. It has an immediate effect on attention.
b. It has a cost attached.
c. It leads to faster recognition of subsequent related stimuli.
d. It is bottom-up.

Answer: B

Individuals with a lesion to the parietal lobe perform normally when asked to search for a single feature in a display (e.g., find the round shape) but have trouble when asked to find, for example, the "blue, round shape" among other shapes that are blue (but not round) and round (but not blue). What conclusion do these findings support?

Individuals with a lesion to the parietal lobe perform normally when asked to search for a single feature in a display (e.g., find the round shape) but have trouble when asked to find, for example, the "blue, round shape" among other shapes that are blue (but not round) and round (but not blue). What conclusion do these findings support?

a. Detection of features is separate from the association of those features.
b. If you cannot detect a complex object, you cannot detect its constituent parts.
c. Shapes are more difficult for the system to detect than colors.
d. Object identification takes place in the parietal lobe.

Answer: A

Which of the following is most accurate with respect to our knowledge about the fusiform face area (FFA)?

Which of the following is most accurate with respect to our knowledge about the fusiform face area (FFA)?

a. There is a general consensus that the FFA is exclusively dedicated to processing faces.
b. There is a general consensus that the FFA underlies many kinds of expertise.
c. There is an ongoing debate about the specificity of the FFA to processing faces.
d. There is an ongoing debate about the role of the FFA in identifying general categories of faces and objects.

Answer: C

Which of the following offers the most support for the idea that object recognition is viewpoint dependent?

Which of the following offers the most support for the idea that object recognition is viewpoint dependent?

a. Object recognition seems to involve a hierarchy of detectors, from feature detectors to whole object detectors.
b. When pieces of an object are missing, it is still fairly easy to recognize the object as long as the geons are still identifiable.
c. There are neurons in the "what" pathway that respond most to a certain type of object in a certain position relative to the eyes.
d. Detection of objects employs both bottom-up and top-down processes.

Answer: C

Which statement about feature nets is FALSE?

Which statement about feature nets is FALSE?

a. Network knowledge is represented in a distributed manner.
b. Recognition based on geons is viewpoint independent.
c. A network of detectors can interpret ambiguous inputs, recover from its own errors, and make inferences about barely viewed stimuli.
d. The input layer is particularly sensitive to the overall configuration of a pattern.

Answer: D

John has apperceptive agnosia. This means that he cannot

John has apperceptive agnosia. This means that he cannot

a. perceive shapes, colors, or positions of objects.
b. perceive faces.
c. recognize faces.
d. integrate perceptual information to perceive intact objects.

Answer: D

Which of the following is NOT part of how the binding problem is solved?

Which of the following is NOT part of how the binding problem is solved?

a. Systems have their own spatial maps, which they can align together.
b. Much of the information is combined in a separate area of the brain.
c. Cells from the different systems oscillate together in the same rhythm.
d.Attention directed toward the item being perceived aids binding.

Answer: B

Which of the following is true with respect to neurons in the visual regions of the brain?

Which of the following is true with respect to neurons in the visual regions of the brain?

a. All neurons are equally responsible for all facets of perception.
b. On average, only 10% of neurons in visual regions are active at a time.
c. Certain cells are specialized for detecting dots, edges, and specific line orientations.
d. Certain cells are responsible for Gestalt phenomena like proximity.

Answer: C

Which of the following statements is inaccurate?

Which of the following statements is inaccurate?

a. The early projection areas for vision are in the parietal cortex.
b. Cells in the optic nerve both transmit and analyze visual input.
c.The dorsal pathway is specialized for processing object-identification information.
d. The visual system relies on parallel processing.

Answer: A

The response of a center-surround cell

The response of a center-surround cell

a. can be altered only by light falling into the center of the cell's receptive field.
b. is not influenced by whether the light falls into the center of the cell's receptive field or the periphery.
c. tends to be in one direction (e.g., increased firing) if the stimulation is in the center of the cell's receptive field and in the opposite direction (e.g., decreased firing) if the stimulation is in the periphery of the receptive field.
d. is determined either by activation in the center of the cell's receptive field or by activation in the periphery, but not both.

Answer: C

The primary visual cortex is located in the __________ lobe.

The primary visual cortex is located in the __________ lobe.

a. frontal
b. parietal
c.temporal
d. occipital

Answer: D