How is the correct DNA strand chosen for the template for the process of transcription?

How is the correct DNA strand chosen for the template for the process of transcription?

Answer: The promoter acts to aim the RNA polymerase.

What is transcription, and where does it take place?

What is transcription, and where does it take place?

Answer: The process of synthesizing an RNA molecule using a DNA template; takes place on a ribosome in the cytoplasm.

Why do retroviruses not follow the central dogma?

Why do retroviruses not follow the central dogma?

Answer: They contain RNA that is used to make DNA.

How does single stranded RNA replicate?

How does single stranded RNA replicate?

Answer: By making an RNA strand that is complementary to the original RNA strand.

Ribosomes are a collection of ___ that are needed for ___.

Ribosomes are a collection of ___ that are needed for ___.

Answer: 

1. proteins and small RNAs; 

2. translation

What does the central dogma say?

What does the central dogma say?

Answer: Information flow in the cell is unidirectional (one way), from DNA to RNA to protein

Describe the different types of RNA.

Describe the different types of RNA.

Answer: Three Different Types Of RNA Are Listed Below:

1. rRNA + proteins make up a ribosome; 
2. mRNA takes the DNA code out of the nucleus to the ribosome for making proteins; 
3. tRNA transfers information from mRNA to make the protein.

How do DNA and RNA differ?

How do DNA and RNA differ?

Answer: DNA is double stranded, has thymine, has sugar deoxyribose, and can not leave the nucleus. RNA is single stranded, has uracil instead of thymine, has sugar ribose, and can leave the nucleus.

What is PCR (polymerase chain reaction)?

What is PCR (polymerase chain reaction)? 

Answer: An automated process that makes multiple copies of short regions of DNA in a test tube.

What are telomeres?

What are telomeres? 

Answer: The repetitive sequences at the end of many chromosomes

The ___ function of DNA polymerase reduces the number of mistakes by the square of the frequency of the error rate.

The ___ function of DNA polymerase reduces the number of mistakes by the square of the frequency of the error rate. 

Answer: Proofreading

What is the enzyme found in 90% of human cancers and may be responsible for the continuous division of cancer cells?

What is the enzyme found in 90% of human cancers and may be responsible for the continuous division of cancer cells? 

Answer: Telomerase

What makes the first repair of mistakes during DNA replication?

What makes the first repair of mistakes during DNA replication? 

Answer: DNA polymerase

Why don't cells last the entire lifetime of an organism?

Why don't cells last the entire lifetime of an organism? 

The removal of the RNA primer following DNA replication leads to a shortening of the chromosome and eventual cell death.

How does DNA replication differ between bacteria and eukaryotes?

How does DNA replication differ between bacteria and eukaryotes? 

Answer: Bacterial DNA has only one replication fork, whereas a eukaryotic DNA has many replication forks

What is the order of synthesis of the lagging strand in replication?

What is the order of synthesis of the lagging strand in replication? 

Answer: Primase adds the RNA primer; DNA polymerase III creates a stretch; DNA polymerase I removes the primer; ligase seals the gaps

In what direction is the new DNA strand synthesized during replication?

In what direction is the new DNA strand synthesized during replication? 

Answer: In the 5' to 3' direction

Why is RNA incorporated into the DNA molecule during DNA replication?

Why is RNA incorporated into the DNA molecule during DNA replication? 

Answer: DNA polymerase can only add on to an existing strand

From where does the energy necessary for making a DNA molecule come?

From where does the energy necessary for making a DNA molecule come? 

Answer: ATP

At the end of DNA replication, two DNA molecules are produced, each one consisting of a parental strand and a new strand. What type of replication is this?

At the end of DNA replication, two DNA molecules are produced, each one consisting of a parental strand and a new strand. What type of replication is this? 

Answer: Semiconservative replication