Urinary System
Showing posts with label Urinary System. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Urinary System. Show all posts

The micturition reflex

The micturition reflex 




A) can be stimulated or inhibited by higher centers in the brain.
B) is stimulated by increased pressure in the bladder.
C) can be stimulated by irritation of the bladder or urethra.
D) all of these







Answer: D

When the tubular load of a substance exceeds the tubular maximum, that substance will

When the tubular load of a substance exceeds the tubular maximum, that substance will 



A) be actively transported into the blood.
B) diffuse into the blood.
C) appear in the urine.
D) cause a backflow of filtrate from Bowman's capsule into the glomerulus.
E) be broken down by carbonic anhydrase.










Answer: C

Angiotensin II causes

Angiotensin II causes 




A) increased ADH secretion.
B) increased thirst.
C) increased salt appetite.
D) increased peripheral resistance.
E) all of these








Answer: E

Which of these conditions increases the amount of urine produced?

Which of these conditions increases the amount of urine produced? 




A) increased ADH secretion
B) increased atrial natriuretic hormone secretion
C) increased aldosterone secretion
D) decreased blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries
E) sympathetic stimulation of the renal arteries









Answer: B

Drinking a large amount of beer results in

Drinking a large amount of beer results in 




A) increased aldosterone secretion.
B) increased permeability of the collecting ducts of the nephrons.
C) decreased urine osmolality.
D) increased urine volume.
E) both c and d







Answer: E

Juxtaglomerular cells secrete

Juxtaglomerular cells secrete 





A) ADH.
B) oxytocin.
C) renin.
D) aldosterone.
E) angiotensin









Answer: C

Urea diffuses out of the __________ , and into the __________ .

Urea diffuses out of the __________ , and into the __________ . 




A) proximal tubule, distal tubule
B) proximal tubule, descending limb of the loop of Henle
C) descending limb of the loop of Henle, ascending limb of the loop of Henle
D) ascending limb of the loop of Henle, descending limb of the loop of Henle
E) collecting duct, descending limb of the loop of Henle









Answer: E

The countercurrent multiplier mechanism of the nephron is in the

The countercurrent multiplier mechanism of the nephron is in the 



A) proximal tubule and distal tubule.
B) loop of Henle and vasa recta.
C) distal tubule and collecting duct.
D) glomerulus and Bowman's capsule.
E) glomerulus and collecting duct.









Answer: B

During tubular reabsorption in the proximal tubule of the nephron, most solutes are moved across the apical membrane by __________ , and across the basal membrane by __________ .

During tubular reabsorption in the proximal tubule of the nephron, most solutes are moved across the apical membrane by __________ , and across the basal membrane by __________ . 




A) cotransport, cotransport
B) cotransport, facilitated diffusion
C) counter transport, cotransport
D) facilitated diffusion, cotransport
E) primary active transport, cotransport







Answer: B
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