Arrange the following events in chronological order: (A) Arab oil embargo, (B) Iranian hostage crisis, (C) fall of Saigon, (D) invasion of Afghanistan.

Arrange the following events in chronological order: (A) Arab oil embargo, (B) Iranian hostage crisis, (C) fall of Saigon, (D) invasion of Afghanistan.

a. B, A, C, D
b. A, C, B, D
c. D, B, A, C
d. C, B, D, A
e. D, A, C, B



Answer: B

The most humiliating failure during the Iran hostage crisis came when

The most humiliating failure during the Iran hostage crisis came when

a. the Ayatollah Khomeini overthrew the Shah.
b. America's allies approved the hostage takeover.
c. President Carter's attempted rescue mission ended in disaster.
d. some of the hostages took the side of their Iranian captors.
e. the Iranians demonstrated their control of American oil supplies.



Answer: C

The SALT II Treaty between the Soviet Union and the United States died in the Senate when the Soviets

The SALT II Treaty between the Soviet Union and the United States died in the Senate when the Soviets

a. refused to sign the Helsinki accords.
b. cracked down on Soviet dissidents.
c. halted the immigration of Soviet Jews to Israel.
d. helped Muslim fundamentalists to overthrow the shah of Iran.
e. invaded Afghanistan.



Answer: E

The "oil shocks" of the 1970s brought home to Americans the stunning fact that

The "oil shocks" of the 1970s brought home to Americans the stunning fact that

a. the private automobile was not sustainable as the major mode of transportation.
b. they would have to invest in new forms of energy.
c. the United States had run completely out of oil
d. the United States would have to become militarily engaged in the Middle East conflicts.
e. their economy was increasingly dependent on foreign trade and the global economy.


Answer: E

The first major trouble to afflict President Carter's foreign policy was

The first major trouble to afflict President Carter's foreign policy was

a. the Panamanian seizure of the Panama Canal.
b. the collapse of the Camp David accords between Israel and Egypt.
c. the ominous reheating of the Cold War with the Soviet Union.
d. the taking of American hostages in Lebanon.
e. the threatened Chinese invasion of Taiwan.



Answer: C

President Carter believed that the fundamental problem of the American economy in the late 1970s was

President Carter believed that the fundamental problem of the American economy in the late 1970s was

a. the absence of price controls on domestic oil production.
b. U.S. dependence on foreign oil.
c. the high import fees on foreign oil.
d. the exhaustion of domestic oil supplies.
e. the loss of a manufacturing base.



Answer: B

President Jimmy Carter's most spectacular foreign-policy achievement was the

President Jimmy Carter's most spectacular foreign-policy achievement was the

a. Panama Canal Treaty.
b. Helsinki accords.
c. Camp David agreement between Israel and Egypt.
d. SALT II Treaty.
e. Iran hostage release.



Answer: C

The guiding principle of President Carter's foreign policy was

The guiding principle of President Carter's foreign policy was

a. isolationism.
b. containment.
c. détente.
d. unilateralism.
e. human rights.


Answer: E

James Earl (Jimmy) Carter enjoyed considerable popularity when he won the presidency because

James Earl (Jimmy) Carter enjoyed considerable popularity when he won the presidency because

a. his emphasis on honesty contrasted with the corruptions of Watergate.
b. he was widely known as skilled in dealing with Congress and Washington.
c. he brought in a team of highly respected and experienced cabinet members and advisers.
d. he was a born-again Southern Baptist.
e. he had a clear plan to solve the energy crisis.



Answer: A

The opposing major party candidates in the bicentennial presidential campaign of 1976 were

The opposing major party candidates in the bicentennial presidential campaign of 1976 were

a. Nelson Rockefeller and Edward Kennedy.
b. Gerald Ford and Jimmy Carter.
c. Ronald Reagan and Jimmy Carter.
d. Gerald Ford and Eugene McCarthy.
e. Richard Nixon and George McGovern.


Answer: B

On which of the following issues did nearly all "second wave" feminists agree?

On which of the following issues did nearly all "second wave" feminists agree?

a. marriage
b. how much to expect from the government, capitalism, and men
c. pornography
d. abortion rights
e. maternity leaves and special protections for women in the workplace


Answer: D

The "first wave" of feminism grew out of the __________ movement, and the "second wave" of feminism grew out of the ___________ movement.

The "first wave" of feminism grew out of the __________ movement, and the "second wave" of feminism grew out of the ___________ movement.

a. abolitionist; civil rights
b. prohibition; black power.
c. peace; environmental
d. progressive; antiwar.
e. evangelical revival; gay.


Answer: A

American Indian activists brought attention to their cause in the 1970s by seizing

American Indian activists brought attention to their cause in the 1970s by seizing

a. the Little Big Horn battleground and Mount Rushmore in the sacred Black Hills.
b. Alcatraz Island and Wounded Knee, South Dakota.
c. the major tribal headquarters throughout Oklahoma.
d. salmon fishing grounds in Washington and trout streams in Wisconsin and Minnesota.
e. the Tippecanoe battlefield and Mesa Verde National Park.


Answer: B

The supreme Court in the Bakke case held that

The supreme Court in the Bakke case held that

a. all forms of affirmative action in college admissions were unconstitutional.
b. "reverse discrimination" was just as wrong as antiblack discrimination.
c. public universities could impose racial quotas but private universities did not have to do so.
d. it was acceptable for universities to establish minority-based programs and housing arrangements.
e. racial quotas were unconstitutional but race could be taken into account as one factor in college admissions.


Answer: E

The effect of the Supreme Court ruling in Milliken v. Bradley, which held that integration did not have to take place across school district lines, was to

The effect of the Supreme Court ruling in Milliken v. Bradley, which held that integration did not have to take place across school district lines, was to

a. encourage voluntary busing programs.
b. cause Congress to pass laws equalizing school funding in different districts.
c. turn public attention to eliminating segregated housing patterns.
d. reinforce the division between poorer, minority inner city schools and nearly all white suburbs.
e. end school busing programs in favor of the neighborhood school.



Answer: D

The most explosive domestic controversy of the 1970s centered around issues of

The most explosive domestic controversy of the 1970s centered around issues of

a. race.
b. labor.
c. the environment.
d. education.
e. immigration.



Answer: A

The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) failed to be ratified by the needed 38 states largely because

The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) failed to be ratified by the needed 38 states largely because

a. the Catholic Church opposed it.
b. many Americans realized that its goals had already been achieved without amending the Constitution.
c. an antifeminist backlash led by Phyllis Schlafly stirred sufficient opposition to stop it.
d. many suspected that it would require such things as rigid quotas and unisex bathrooms.
e. many Americans believed that equal gender treatment was a matter of changing attitudes, not creating laws.



Answer: C

The Supreme Court case of Roe v. Wade declared state laws prohibiting abortion were unconstitutional because they

The Supreme Court case of Roe v. Wade declared state laws prohibiting abortion were unconstitutional because they

a. violated the First Amendment by using a religious definition of "person."
b. violated the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment by placing a particular burden on women not placed on men.
c. wrote into law a particular philosophical and scientific view of human life that imposed unfair treatment on those who disagreed.
d. violated the Fifth Amendment by interfering with doctors' professional medical practices.
e. violated a woman's constitutional right to privacy in her own person.



Answer: E

The proposed Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), passed by Congress in 1972 and eventually ratified by 35 states, stated the following:

The proposed Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), passed by Congress in 1972 and eventually ratified by 35 states, stated the following:

a. "Congress shall pass no law restricting the equal right of privacy in marital relations or reproduction."
b. "The equal rights of unborn citizens of the United States under the Fourteenth Amendment shall not be abridged."
c. "Equal access to the courts of the United States and any state shall not be abridged on account of race, gender, or physical handicap."
d. "Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any state on the basis of sex."
e. "Nothing in this Constitution shall be construed by the courts or any state to prohibit the guarantee of equal pay for equal work to women."



Answer: D

Title IX was passed by Congress in 1972 to

Title IX was passed by Congress in 1972 to

a. prohibit sex discrimination in any federally funded education program or activity.
b. guarantee women equal pay for equal work.
c. prohibit any form of sexual harassment or sexual innuendoes on the job.
d. establish quotas for women in sports, business, and government positions.
e. protect women's access to birth control and abortion.


Answer: A