Common adverse reactions to administered oestrogens include:

Common adverse reactions to administered oestrogens include:

a. cervical cancer
b. deep vein thrombosis
c. breast tenderness
d. all of the above.



Answer: D

Anti-oestrogens are indicated in the treatment of:

Anti-oestrogens are indicated in the treatment of:

a. amenorrhea
b. breast cancer
c. menopause
d. premenstrual syndrome.



Answer: B

A semisynthetic oestrogen is:

A semisynthetic oestrogen is:

a. oestradiol
b. oestrine
c. ethinyloestradiol
d. estriol.



Answer: C

Physiological actions of oestrogen do not include:

Physiological actions of oestrogen do not include:

a. assisting in follicular development
b. facilitating bone resorption
c. stimulating cervical mucus production
d. stimulating endometrial growth.



Answer: B

Oestrogens are primarily secreted by the:

Oestrogens are primarily secreted by the:

a. hypothalamus
b. ovarian follicles
c. adrenal glands
d. anterior pituitary gland.


Answer: B

Which reversible contraceptive method used long term alters the uterine environment and inhibits ovulation and nidation?

Which reversible contraceptive method used long term alters the uterine environment and inhibits ovulation and nidation?

a. Oestrogen depot preparations
b. Intrauterine devices (IUDs)
c. Female sterilization
d. Diaphragm and spermicide



Answer: B

The contraceptive method with the lowest failure rate is:

The contraceptive method with the lowest failure rate is:

a. combination oral contraceptive pill
b. intrauterine devices (IUDs) with copper
c. female sterilisation
d. rhythm method.



Answer: B

If a female is unable to conceive despite ovulation being normal, a possible cause of infertility could be:

If a female is unable to conceive despite ovulation being normal, a possible cause of infertility could be:

a. tubal damage
b. endometriosis
c. uterine disorders
d. all of the above.



Answer: D

Which of the following drugs is not indicated in the treatment of male infertility?

Which of the following drugs is not indicated in the treatment of male infertility?

a. FSH and LH
b. Human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG)
c. GnRH
d. Testosterone



Answer: D

Controlled ovarian stimulation in infertile females is undertaken using which of the following sequences of drugs?

Controlled ovarian stimulation in infertile females is undertaken using which of the following sequences of drugs?

a. GnRH, FSH, LH
b. GnRH antagonists, FSH, LH
c. FSH, LH
d. Oestrogen, progesterone



Answer: B

One of the defense mechanisms in place in the organs/tissues of the reproductive tract that prevent microbial infection includes

One of the defense mechanisms in place in the organs/tissues of the reproductive tract that prevent microbial infection includes

a. Alkaline pH
b. Acidic pH
c. High sugar concentration
d. High body temperature



Answer: B

Infections of the reproductive tract resulting from the introduction of microorganisms through a medical procedure are called

Infections of the reproductive tract resulting from the introduction of microorganisms through a medical procedure are called

a. Chronic infections
b. Endogenous infections
c. Systemic infections
d. Iatrogenic infections



Answer: D

Vaginal infections that are resulting from an overgrowth of normal flora are called

Vaginal infections that are resulting from an overgrowth of normal flora are called

a. Endogenous infections
b. Chronic infections
c. Iatrogenic infections
d. Fatal infections



Answer: A

The drug most often used in fighting protozoan infections of the reproductive system is

The drug most often used in fighting protozoan infections of the reproductive system is

a. Ampicillin
b. Tetracycline
c. Ciprofloxacin
d. Metronidazole



Answer: D

A vaginal yeast infection is typically caused by

A vaginal yeast infection is typically caused by

a. Histoplasma capsulatum
b. Candida albicans
c. Aspergillus niger
d. Saccharomyces cerevisiae



Answer: B

Measures that can be taken to prevent bacterial vaginitis include

Measures that can be taken to prevent bacterial vaginitis include

a. Douching, use of contraceptive pills, exercise
b. Use of absorbent tampons, frequent douching, avoidance of tight pants
c. Avoidance of douching, use of panties with cotton crotch, exercise
d. Avoidance of tight pants, use of panties with cotton crotch, infrequent douching



Answer: D

Symptoms of prostatitis include

Symptoms of prostatitis include

a. Muscle aches, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes
b. Painful joints, nausea, painful urination
c. Painful urination, fever and chills, weak urine flow
d. Weak urine flow, severe abdominal pains, bloody stool



Answer: C

The organism that is responsible for the vast majority of cases of fungal vaginitis is

The organism that is responsible for the vast majority of cases of fungal vaginitis is

a. Escherichia coli
b. Streptococcus agalactiae
c. Klebsiella oxytoca
d. Candida albicans



Answer: D

Factors that can increase the chances of vaginitis are

Factors that can increase the chances of vaginitis are

a. Urinary blockage, drug use, stress
b. Use of antibiotics, pregnancy, menopause
c. Puberty, exposure to HPV, smoking/tobacco use
d. Menopause, stress, steroid use



Answer: B

Methods typically used to diagnose bacterial infections of the reproductive system include

Methods typically used to diagnose bacterial infections of the reproductive system include

a. Microscopic examination of discharge from infected organ and microscopic examination of urine for organisms
b. Biopsy of infected tissue and use of selective media
c. Microscopic examination of fecal sample and protein test of urine
d. Antibody agglutination test and coagulation test



Answer: A