Which of the following best describes our current understanding of hemispatial neglect as presented in class?

Which of the following best describes our current understanding of hemispatial neglect as presented in class?

A)
Patients with damage to the right parietal lobe will ignore the right side of the world and focus almost exclusively on the left side of the word.
B)
Patients have repressed feelings that manifest into neglecting people and objects recognized as having strong emotional significance.
C)
Patients with damage to the left parietal lobe show less severe symptoms than patients with damage to the right parietal lobe.
D)
Patients with damage to the left parietal lobe will ignore the right side of the world and focus almost exclusively on the left side of the word.



Answer: C

Which of the following statements about photoreceptors is correct?

Which of the following statements about photoreceptors is correct?

A)
Both cones and rods are depolarized and in their active states in darkness.
B)
Rods are found throughout the retina in varying concentrations but cones are found only in the fovea.
C)
During dark adaptation, the rods begin to adapt quicker than cones resulting in an immediate improvement in sensitivity.
D)
A total loss of rods result in a decrease in visual acuity during both light and dark conditions.



Answer: A

What type of eyes would an animal most likely have if they need excellent depth perception abilities in relatively dark environments?

What type of eyes would an animal most likely have if they need excellent depth perception abilities in relatively dark environments?

A)
Large eyes located to the sides of the head
B)
Small eyes directed towards the front of the head.
C)
Small eyes located to the sides of the head.
D)
Large eyes directed towards the front of the head.




Answer: D

Which of the following best describes a neural signal's pathway?

Which of the following best describes a neural signal's pathway?

A)
Photoreceptors > Thalamus > Extrastriate Cortex
B)
Cornea > Vitreous Humor > Retina
C)
Ganglion cells > Bipolar cells > Photoreceptors
D)
Retina > extrastriate cortex > primary visual cortex




Answer: A

Which statement correctly describes the function and distribution of photoreceptors?

Which statement correctly describes the function and distribution of photoreceptors?

A)
Cones are used to detect colour, and there are more cones than rods in the retina.
B)
Cones are used for day vision, and there are more cones than rods in the fovea.
C)
Rods are used for night vision, and there are more rods than cones in the fovea.
D)
Rods are used to detect colour, and there are more rods than cones in the retina.



Answer: B

Which of the following best explains how the eye uses cumulative selection in evolution?

Which of the following best explains how the eye uses cumulative selection in evolution?

A)
The existing eye undergoes a modification and then new changes are made to the modified eye.
B)
The existing eye undergoes many collective modifications that occur in one step.
C)
Eye formation undergoes collective modifications that decrease the sophistication of the eye making it easier to use.
D)
Eye formation uses inputs from many different species to spontaneously form.




Answer: A

If the human eye were altered so that the bulk of the rods were concentrated in the fovea, and the bulk of the cones were in the periphery of the retina, how would our visual experience change?

If the human eye were altered so that the bulk of the rods were concentrated in the fovea, and the bulk of the cones were in the periphery of the retina, how would our visual experience change?

A)
When looking slightly to one side of an object, we would see it in strong detail.
B)
When looking directly at an object, we would better identify colour.
C)
When looking slightly to one side of an object, we would have good night vision.
D)
When looking directly at an object, we would have excellent acuity during the day.



Answer: A

Frank is presented with a dim light that appears to be faintly purple in colour. In which of the following responses would Frank be correct in his description of the light?

Frank is presented with a dim light that appears to be faintly purple in colour. In which of the following responses would Frank be correct in his description of the light?

A)
The light has a small amplitude, is relatively desaturated, and is comprised of one of the highest frequencies that humans are able to see.
B)
The light has a small amplitude, is comprised of only a single wavelength, and exists inside the visible spectrum.
C)
The light consists of a single wavelength that is considered short for humans, and has a small amplitude.
D)
The light is pure, and is comprised of light of relatively short wavelengths found at the beginning of the visual spectrum.



Answer: A

The image of a bouncing red ball falls on the nasal half of the retina at the back of Pablo's right eye. Which visual field does this information correspond to and what stream processes the correct component of this information?

The image of a bouncing red ball falls on the nasal half of the retina at the back of Pablo's right eye. Which visual field does this information correspond to and what stream processes the correct component of this information?

A)
Right visual field, with bouncing information processed by the ventral stream.
B)
Left visual field, with bouncing information processed by the dorsal stream.
C)
Left visual field, with shape information processed by the dorsal stream.
D)
Right visual field, with shape information processed by the ventral stream.




Answer: D

Scientists in the jungle have just discovered a new vertebrate species. This species has large, laterally directed eyes. Which of the following most accurately describes the environment of this species?

Scientists in the jungle have just discovered a new vertebrate species. This species has large, laterally directed eyes. Which of the following most accurately describes the environment of this species?

A)
This species likely lives in an environment with many predators that stand out from the trees.
B)
This species likely lives in an environment with many predators that may easily blend in with the trees.
C)
This species likely lives in an environment with many prey opportunities that may easily blend in with the trees.
D)
This species likely lives in an environment with many prey opportunities that stand out from the trees.



Answer: B

Which of the following is most correct regarding the function of the lens?

Which of the following is most correct regarding the function of the lens?

A)
It is the final structure that light passes through before reaching the retina.
B)
It becomes elongated when focusing on an image that is far away.
C)
It becomes thinner and rounder when focusing an image that is close.
D)
It changes its shape through the movement of the iris.



Answer: B

Which is a correct observation that demonstrates the convergence of information from multiple inputs to a single output?

Which is a correct observation that demonstrates the convergence of information from multiple inputs to a single output?

A)
Multiple horizontal cells to a single bipolar cell.
B)
Multiple LGN cells to a single V1 cell.
C)
Multiple LGN cells to a single ganglion cell.
D)
Multiple ganglion cells to a single photoreceptor.




Answer: B

Which of the following statements is correct?

Which of the following statements is correct?

A)
The human eye can detect electromagnetic radiation.
B)
The greater the energy of a waveform, the greater the saturation.
C)
Light is described only as a waveform.
D)
Our perception of colour is limited to seven basic elements of colour.



Answer: A

Which of the following statements regarding structures of the eye is correct?

Which of the following statements regarding structures of the eye is correct?

A)
The lens accounts for the majority of the focusing power of the eye while the cornea accounts for the rest.
B)
Despite one being opaque and the other transparent, the sclera and cornea are made of the same fibers.
C)
Relative to normal, a shorter eyeball results in nearsightedness while a longer one results in farsightedness.
D)
Individuals with myopia has difficulty seeing objects that are relatively near.



Answer: B

Of the following statements, which is most correct regarding the eyes of prey animals?

Of the following statements, which is most correct regarding the eyes of prey animals?

A)
Thier eyes are positioned laterally to provide strong depth perception.
B)
Thier eyes are positioned laterally to provide a single large field of view.
C)
Thier eyes are positioned laterally to provide an almost entirely separate field of view.
D)
Their eyes are positioned laterally to provide strong binocular overlap.



Answer: C

What best describes the vision of a vertebrate with lenses that were permanently fat and round, and retinas that were comprised entirely of cones, with no rods?

What best describes the vision of a vertebrate with lenses that were permanently fat and round, and retinas that were comprised entirely of cones, with no rods?

A)
They have poor acuity for objects at long distances, and have difficulty distinguishing colours.
B)
They have good acuity for objects at long distances, and easily distinguish colours.
C)
They have poor acuity for objects close up, and have difficulty distinguishing colours.
D)
They have good acuity for objects close up, and easily distinguish colours.




Answer: D

Jenna is watching a red car pass through her visual field. Which of the following would accurately describe the visual processing occurring in Jenna's brain?

Jenna is watching a red car pass through her visual field. Which of the following would accurately describe the visual processing occurring in Jenna's brain?

A)
A visual stimulus of a tree that was processed in an area of the retina close to the car would also be processed in a nearby area of the primary visual cortex.
B)
Most of the retinal cells carrying the visual stimulus will synapse in the medial reticulate nucleus in the thalamus before being sent to the primary visual cortex.
C)
The complex processing of a moving visual stimulus would make it more likely that the receptive field of a V1 cell would be comprised of only a few lateral geniculate nuclei.
D)
When looking at the car with her left eye, visual information about the car would only travel to the right side of her brain.




Answer: A

In a dark environment, which type of vertebrate with big eyes would be most suited to survive as prey?

In a dark environment, which type of vertebrate with big eyes would be most suited to survive as prey?

A)
Front-facing eyes with a large number of rods.
B)
Laterally directed eyes with a large number of rods.
C)
Laterally directed eyes with a large number of cones.
D)
Front-facing eyes with a large number of cones.



Answer: B

Vilma suffers from a rare disorder that is attacking only her rod cells. Which of the following effects most likely results from Vilma's condition?

Vilma suffers from a rare disorder that is attacking only her rod cells. Which of the following effects most likely results from Vilma's condition?

A)
Vilma is able to clearly see objects directly in front of her and in her periphery.
B)
Vilma is unable to perceive colour information in her periphery.
C)
Vilma is unable to notice when her friends approach her from the side.
D)
Vilma is able to see objects that are still, but not those that are moving.



Answer: C

A benign tumour is pressing on the nasal sides of the optic nerves of Deanna's right and left eyes. What type of vision loss will she experience?

A benign tumour is pressing on the nasal sides of the optic nerves of Deanna's right and left eyes. What type of vision loss will she experience?

A)
Vision loss in the right and left lateral visual fields.
B)
Vision loss the right and left medial visual fields.
C)
Vision loss in the entire left visual field.
D)
Vision loss in the entire right visual field.



Answer: A