The main group of drugs used for the treatment of urinary incontinence are:

The main group of drugs used for the treatment of urinary incontinence are:

a. muscarinic receptor antagonists
b. muscarinic receptor agonists
c. diuretics
d. antidiuretic hormone inhibitors




Answer: A

If a person with hypertension does not respond well to a specific diuretic they could be prescribed combination therapy. These combinations may include:

If a person with hypertension does not respond well to a specific diuretic they could be prescribed combination therapy. These combinations may include:

a. an ACE inhibitor
b. an angiotensin-II-receptor antagonist
c. a potassium-sparing diuretic
d. all of the above.



Answer: D

Loop diuretics inhibit the:

Loop diuretics inhibit the:

a. Na+-K+-2CI- transporters
b. Na+-CI+ transporters
c. carbonic anhydrase transporters
d. water molecule transporters.



Answer: A

Lack of voluntary control over urination is called:

Lack of voluntary control over urination is called: 

a. retention
b. micturition
c. impotence
d. incontinence.




Answer: D

The composition of fluid in the collecting duct may be altered by:

The composition of fluid in the collecting duct may be altered by:

a. urea
b. aldosterone
c. antidiuretic hormone
d. parathyroid hormone.



Answer: C

In order to maintain essential kidney function the glomerular filtration rate in a normal person is about:

In order to maintain essential kidney function the glomerular filtration rate in a normal person is about:

a. 125 mL/day
b. 125 mL/min
c. 1200 mL/min
d. 125 L/day.




Answer: B

Which of the following is not considered to be a major renal process?

Which of the following is not considered to be a major renal process?

a. Tubular reabsorption
b. Glomerular filtration
c. Tubular secretion
d. Micturition




Answer: D

Which is not a function of the kidney?

Which is not a function of the kidney?

a. Blood pressure regulation
b. Blood pH regulation
c. Urea excretion
d. Antidiuretic hormone synthesis



Answer: D

The functional unit of the kidney is the:

The functional unit of the kidney is the:

a. loop of Henle
b. bladder
c. nephron
d. glomerulus.



Answer: C

The urine passes from the kidneys to the bladder via the:

The urine passes from the kidneys to the bladder via the:

a. glomerulus
b. renal tubules
c. ureters
d. urethra.



Answer: C

Which diuretic is indicated in the treatment of conditions such as oedema in heart failure, and as an adjunct therapy to acute pulmonary oedema?

Which diuretic is indicated in the treatment of conditions such as oedema in heart failure, and as an adjunct therapy to acute pulmonary oedema?

a. Loop
b. Osmotic
c. Thiazide
d. Potassium-sparing



Answer: A

Loop diuretics are particularly effective. Their site of action accounts for which proportion of reabsorption of sodium and chloride?

Loop diuretics are particularly effective. Their site of action accounts for which proportion of reabsorption of sodium and chloride?

a. 100%
b. <10 nbsp="" p="">c. 25%-75%
d. 15%-25%



Answer: D

Potassium-sparing diuretics:

Potassium-sparing diuretics:

a. increase the excretion of potassium and water
b. increase the excretion of potassium, water and magnesium.
c. inhibit the reabsorption of sodium and decrease the excretion of potassium
d. inhibit the reabsorption of sodium and chloride



Answer: C

Which part of the nephron plays an important role in glomerular filtrate reabsorption?

Which part of the nephron plays an important role in glomerular filtrate reabsorption?

a. Distal convoluted tubule
b. Collecting duct
c. Proximal convoluted tubule
d. Bowman's capsule



Answer: C

Common adverse effects of amiloride would include:

Common adverse effects of amiloride would include:

a. hypokalaemia
b. hyperkalaemia.
c. hypertension
d. hypotension



Answer: B

The ascending limb of the Loop of Henle is more permeable to:

The ascending limb of the Loop of Henle is more permeable to:

a. sodium and chloride
b. water
c. bicarbonate
d. sodium



Answer: A

Thiazide diuretics act in the:

Thiazide diuretics act in the:

a. early proximal tubule
b. thin ascending limb of the loop of Henle
c. proximal (diluting) segment of the distal convoluted tubule
d. late distal tubules and collecting duct



Answer: C

The loop of Henle is important in regulating:

The loop of Henle is important in regulating:

a. osmolarity
b.aldosterone concentration
c. pH
d. urea concentration



Answer: A

Frusemide is an example of a:

Frusemide is an example of a:

a. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
b. Thiazide diuretic
c. Loop diuretic.
d. Potassium-sparing diuretic



Answer: C

In geriatric clients using diuretics, there is an increased risk of:

In geriatric clients using diuretics, there is an increased risk of:

a. electrolyte disturbances
b. incontinence
c. all of the above.
d. toxicity



Answer: C