Which blood test confirms the presence of antibodies to HIV?
a) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
b) Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
c) p24 antigen
d) Reverse transcriptase
Answer: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
Showing posts with label Chapter 37. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Chapter 37. Show all posts
The client comes to the clinic to obtain the results from the test to determine if he is infected with HIV. The physician informs the client that he has a CD4 cell count of 300 cells/mm3 and a high viral load. What does the nurse anticipate the physician will discuss with the client?
The client comes to the clinic to obtain the results from the test to determine if he is infected with HIV. The physician informs the client that he has a CD4 cell count of 300 cells/mm3 and a high viral load. What does the nurse anticipate the physician will discuss with the client?
a) The initiation of antiretroviral therapy
b) The initiation of antibiotic therapy to prevent the development of an opportunistic infection
c) The administration of an antifungal medication to prevent the development of an opportunistic fungal infection
d) Retroviral therapy is not warranted at this time.
Answer: The initiation of antiretroviral therapy
Which of the following indicates that a client with HIV has developed AIDS?
Which of the following indicates that a client with HIV has developed AIDS?
a) Weight loss of 10 lb over 3 months
b) Pain on standing and walking
c) Severe fatigue at night
d) Herpes simplex ulcer persisting for 2 months
Answer: Herpes simplex ulcer persisting for 2 months
The balance between the amount of HIV in the body and the immune response is the:
The balance between the amount of HIV in the body and the immune response is the:
a) Anergy
b) Window period
c) Viral set point
d) Viral load test
Answer: Viral set point
Which of the following options should the nurse encourage to replace fluid and electrolyte losses in a patient with AIDS?
Which of the following options should the nurse encourage to replace fluid and electrolyte losses in a patient with AIDS?
a) Gluten
b) Liquids
c) Sucrose
d) Iron and zinc
Answer: Liquids
Which of the following is usually the most important consideration in decisions to initiate antiretroviral therapy?
Which of the following is usually the most important consideration in decisions to initiate antiretroviral therapy?
a) HIV RNA
b) ELISA
c) Western blot assay
d) CD4 counts
Answer: CD4 counts
A nurse is caring for a client with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). To determine the effectiveness of treatment the nurse expects the physician to order:
A nurse is caring for a client with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). To determine the effectiveness of treatment the nurse expects the physician to order:
a) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
b) quantification of T-lymphocytes.
c) E-rosette immunofluorescence.
d) ELISA with Western blot test.
Answer: quantification of T-lymphocytes.
A client with AIDS is admitted to the hospital with severe diarrhea and dehydration. The physician suspects an infection with Cryptosporidium. What type of specimen should be collected to confirm this diagnosis?
A client with AIDS is admitted to the hospital with severe diarrhea and dehydration. The physician suspects an infection with Cryptosporidium. What type of specimen should be collected to confirm this diagnosis?
a) Sputum specimen for acid fast bacillus
b) Urine specimen for culture and sensitivity
c) Stool specimen for ova and parasites
d) Blood specimen for electrolyte studies
Answer: Stool specimen for ova and parasites
A client taking abacavir (ABC) has developed fever and rash. What is the priority nursing action?
A client taking abacavir (ABC) has developed fever and rash. What is the priority nursing action?
a) Administer acetaminophen (Tylenol).
b) Call the health care provider to report.
c) Administer Lidocaine cream for the rash.
d) Document the information.
Answer: Call the health care provider to report.
The nurse is administering an injection to a client with AIDS and, when finished, attempts to recap the needle and sustains a needlestick to the finger. What is the priority action by the nurse?
The nurse is administering an injection to a client with AIDS and, when finished, attempts to recap the needle and sustains a needlestick to the finger. What is the priority action by the nurse?
a) Obtain counseling.
b) Fill out a risk management report.
c) Report the incident to the supervisor
d) Call the lab to draw the nurse's blood.
Answer: Report the incident to the supervisor
A client with AIDS is exhibiting shortness of breath, cough, and fever. The nurse most likely would suspect infection with which of the following?
A client with AIDS is exhibiting shortness of breath, cough, and fever. The nurse most likely would suspect infection with which of the following?
a) Pneumocystis jiroveci
b) Cytomegalovirus
c) Mycobacterium avium complex
d) Legionella
Answer: Pneumocystis jiroveci
A patient with HIV develops a nonproductive cough, shortness of breath, a fever of 101°F and an O2 saturation of 92%. What infection caused by Pneumocystis jiroveci does the nurse know could occur with this patient?
A patient with HIV develops a nonproductive cough, shortness of breath, a fever of 101°F and an O2 saturation of 92%. What infection caused by Pneumocystis jiroveci does the nurse know could occur with this patient?
a) Tuberculosis
b) Pneumocystis pneumonia
c) Community-acquired pneumonia
d) Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)
Answer: Pneumocystis pneumonia
A client visits the nurse complaining of diarrhea every time he eats. The client has AIDS and wants to know what he can do to stop having diarrhea. What should the nurse advise?
A client visits the nurse complaining of diarrhea every time he eats. The client has AIDS and wants to know what he can do to stop having diarrhea. What should the nurse advise?
a) Encourage large, high-fat meals.
b) Increase the intake of iron and zinc.
c) Avoid fibrous foods, lactose, fat, and caffeine.
d) Reduce food intake.
Answer: Avoid fibrous foods, lactose, fat, and caffeine.
A patient with AIDS informs the nurse of difficulty eating and swallowing, and shows the nurse white patches in the mouth. What problem related to AIDS does the nurse understand the patient has developed?
A patient with AIDS informs the nurse of difficulty eating and swallowing, and shows the nurse white patches in the mouth. What problem related to AIDS does the nurse understand the patient has developed?
a) Kaposi's sarcoma
b) Candidiasis
c) MAC
d) Wasting syndrome
Answer: Candidiasis
The nurse teaches the patient that lowering his or her viral load will have what effect?
The nurse teaches the patient that lowering his or her viral load will have what effect?
a) A shorter survival time
b) A shorter time to AIDS diagnosis
c) A longer survival time
d) A longer immunity
Answer: A longer survival time
A client with HIV will be started on a medication regimen of three medications. Which medication will be given that will interfere with the virus's ability to make a genetic blueprint. What drug will the nurse instruct the client about?
A client with HIV will be started on a medication regimen of three medications. Which medication will be given that will interfere with the virus's ability to make a genetic blueprint. What drug will the nurse instruct the client about?
a) Protease inhibitor
b) Reverse transcriptase inhibitors
c) Integrase inhibitors
d) Hydroxyurea (Hydrea)
Answer: Reverse transcriptase inhibitors
A nurse is implementing appropriate infection control precautions for a client who is positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The nurse demonstrates a need for a review of transmission routes by identifying which body fluid as a means of transmission?
A nurse is implementing appropriate infection control precautions for a client who is positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The nurse demonstrates a need for a review of transmission routes by identifying which body fluid as a means of transmission?
a) Breast milk
b) Blood
c) Semen
d) Urine
Answer: Urine
When learning about HIV/AIDS, the student should be able to differentiate the two subtypes of virus by ____.
When learning about HIV/AIDS, the student should be able to differentiate the two subtypes of virus by ____.
a) Cure rate of the virus
b) Means of transmission
c) HIV-1 is more prevalent than HIV-2 subtypes
d) The fact that it is a mutated virus originally thought to be bovine in nature
Answer: HIV-1 is more prevalent than HIV-2 subtypes
Nursing students are reviewing information about the different manifestations associated with AIDS. The students demonstrate understanding of these manifestations when they identify which of the following as the most common HIV-related malignancy?
Nursing students are reviewing information about the different manifestations associated with AIDS. The students demonstrate understanding of these manifestations when they identify which of the following as the most common HIV-related malignancy?
a) Invasive cervical cancer
b) Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
c) B-cell lymphoma
d) Kaposi's sarcoma
Answer: Kaposi's sarcoma
A client with AIDS is brought to the clinic by his family. The family tells the nurse the client has become forgetful, with a limited attention span, decreased ability to concentrate, and delusional thinking. What condition is represented by these symptoms?
A client with AIDS is brought to the clinic by his family. The family tells the nurse the client has become forgetful, with a limited attention span, decreased ability to concentrate, and delusional thinking. What condition is represented by these symptoms?
a) Candidiasis
b) AIDS dementia complex (ADC)
c) Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
d) Distal sensory polyneuropathy (DSP)
Answer: AIDS dementia complex (ADC)
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