NAIMMCQ: Psychometrics

Psychometrics

Showing posts with label Psychometrics. Show all posts

According to your textbook, which of the following statements are true regarding structuralism?

A)
Structuralism's main focus is to explain why we have conscious thought.
B)
Structuralism sought to understand the bigger picture of visual, auditory and touch sensations rather than its basic component parts.
C)
Structuralism was developed by Wilhelm Wundt.
D)
Structuralism studied mental processes primarily through internal self-reflection.

Anaswer: D

If Paige's t-test yields a p-value of 0.1, which of the following best describes what she can safely conclude?

A)
The experimental manipulation did not affect the dependent variable measured, but statistical significance was reached, lending support to her hypothesis.
B)
Although the experimental manipulation affected the dependent variable measured, statistical significance was not reached, lending support to her hypothesis.
C)
The experimental manipulation affected the dependent variable measured and statistical significance was reached, disproving her hypothesis.
D)
Although the experimental manipulation did not significantly affect the dependent variable measured, the difference may be meaningful and worth reporting.

Anaswer: D

Patient A underwent surgery to remove a tumor growing just beneath his hippocampus. Unfortunately during surgery, his hippocampus was damaged and he now suffers from anterograde amnesia. After the surgery, which of the following skills or activities would Patient A have the least difficulty completing?

A)
Following a short conversation (around 2 minutes).
B)
Learning to remember new names.
C)
Learning to play darts.
D)
Reading a short novel (20-30 pages).

Anaswer: C

Researchers are interested in training a mouse to navigate through an obstacle course. They begin by placing the mouse at the end of the obstacle course, and giving it a food pellet when it presses the button. The researchers then move the mouse back one obstacle, and once the mouse makes it past the obstacle, it receives another food pellet by pressing the button again. The researchers then continue to move the mouse back one obstacle each time until the mouse is able to complete the entire obstacle course. Which of the following does this scenario best exemplify?

A)
Chaining combined with positive reinforcement.
B)
Chaining combined with negative reinforcement.
C)
Shaping by successive approximation combined with negative reinforcement.
D)
Shaping by successive approximation combined with positive reinforcement.

Anaswer: A

Which of the following scenarios would result in the best memory performance on a recall test?

A)
Words that were rehearsed by reading them aloud and abbreviating the words using their first and last letter.
B)
Words that were integrated into scenarios that the individual recently experienced.
C)
Words that were rearranged into different words using the same letters, such as "cat" being rearranged into "act".
D)
Words that were rehearsed by reading them aloud and correcting the spelling errors contained within each word.

Anaswer: B

While in the library studying for your exam, you see four strangers sitting at nearby study tables. Each of these students is distracting you from your studying because each one is doing something you consider to be out of the ordinary. According to correspondent inference theory, which should you consider to be strange on the basis of degree of choice?

A)
The lady with the red hat on her head who chose to push together two tables to create one large workspace for her.
B)
The man with the blue knapsack who chose to exit through the emergency exit rather than the normal exit, thereby setting off the fire alarm.
C)
The woman with the green sweater who chose to start speaking in a made-up language really loudly for all to hear.
D)
The man with the cast on his leg who chose to sit at your table when all other tables on your floor were full.

Anaswer: C

Molly is sitting in one of the halls of her university. A man, dressed like a professor, invites her to help him with his experiment. Molly agrees to help and follows the man to his lab. He then instructs her to administer varying doses of a liquid labeled "poison" to a number of human subjects. Which of the following scenarios is correct?

A)
Molly will be more likely to follow the instructions if they are given to her over a speaker system because it is more formal.
B)
Molly will be equally likely to follow the instructions if the experiment is run in a rented business complex.
C)
Molly will be more likely to follow the instructions if they are given to her by one of her peers because they are closer in age.
D)
Molly will be more likely to follow the instructions if the human subjects are located in a separate room from her.

Anaswer: D

Two teenage boys on a field trip at a local museum in India were throwing around a football. While playing, one of the expensive paintings was damaged. Which of the following is the most likely response from the witnesses of the incident?

A)
Jacob, a fifteen-year-old visiting from America, said the boys' destruction of paintings was likely restricted to this single occurrence.
B)
Faiza, an eleven-year-old Indian girl who was near the boys while they were playing, said the boys seem to have done it because they are irresponsible.
C)
Winston, an American art collector in his late forties, said that it seems the boys had made a mistake, and no harm was done.
D)
Bashir, the forty-year-old Indian curator of the museum, said 'boys will be boys', and this was a one-time mistake.

Anaswer: D

Which of the following is most likely to be remembered?

A)
The second word on a list of 20, when asked to count backwards from 100 during encoding.
B)
The last word on a list of 20, when asked to go home for the night before recall.
C)
The last word on a list of 50, when asked to count backwards from 100 before recall.
D)
The fifth word on a list of 50, when asked to go home for the night before recall.

Anaswer: D

Miguel is driving along a highway at night, talking to his friend on his cell phone and adjusting the radio. As he is driving he nearly hits a car that seemed to appear immediately right in front of him! Later, he recalls that the car was blue - his favourite colour. How can this phenomenon be explained?

A)
Pop-out effect.
B)
Contextual cueing.
C)
Inattentional blindness.
D)
Change blindness.

Anaswer: C

Which of the following scenarios best outlines inductive reasoning?

A)
After analyzing her data, Kathy notices an interesting relationship between hunger and attention, and attributes her findings to modify a recently proposed theory.
B)
Reuven conducts an experiment investigating the relationship between perspiration and pheromones after reading about a theory relating the two.
C)
Laurel notices two individuals shouting at each other while walking down the street and the first thing that comes to her mind is a memory of her parents.
D)
Paul is a lifeguard and has been informed it will be a warm day, leading him to expect a lot of people swimming at the pool.

Anaswer: A

Which of the following best describes the arbitrary nature of language?

A)
There is no indication of the meaning of a word given by its phonemes.
B)
There is a spontaneous production of meaningful sentences as infants.
C)
There is a structure to combinations of morphemes called syntax.
D)
There is no limitation to the number of combinations of words that can exist.

Anaswer: A

Which of the following best describes Thorndike's process of how "stamping in" occurs?

A)
Responses to stimuli increase because of associations formed between stimuli.
B)
Involuntary responses to stimuli are learned because of associations formed between stimuli.
C)
Behaviours increase because they are followed by reinforcement.
D)
Behaviours are learned because they are followed by rewards only.

Anaswer: C

Which of the following is a characteristic of the conditioned response during spontaneous recovery?

A)
The conditioned response occurs at a reduced strength when the conditioned stimulus is presented alone.
B)
The conditioned response occurs in only a portion of the trials in which the conditioned stimulus is presented alone.
C)
The conditioned response only remains for a limited time following spontaneous recovery, after which it becomes permanently extinct.
D)
The conditioned response is only reintroduced by presenting the conditioned stimulus with the unconditioned stimulus.

Anaswer: A

Which of the following scenarios best exemplifies a type I error?

A)
After analyzing the results of her experiment, Sierra determines that the antimicrobial chemical triclosan does not disrupt pregnancy in mice, when in fact it does.
B)
Morgan has bipolar disorder, but her psychiatrist has incorrectly diagnosed her and says she does not.
C)
Adam calculates a p-value of 0.1, but his experimental and control populations are actually different.
D)
Dr. Watson diagnoses Samantha with depression, when she does not qualify as clinically depressed.

Anaswer: D

Based on the web module, which of the following statements is correct?

A)
Models for complex processes of the mind are built on previous predictions and research findings, and thus represent an accurate representation of how the mind works.
B)
Current psychological practices adhere to the behavioral perspective, where only overt behaviour can and should be measured.
C)
The issue of reductionism can be addressed by using a purely biological perspective when conducting research.
D)
The socio-cultural perspective may consider the interactions between two different groups of individuals.

Anaswer: D

What term refers to an individual's tendency to defer action to others in the presence of someone more qualified?

A)
Social loafing
B)
Diffusion of responsibility
C)
Collective ignorance
D)
Groupthink

Anaswer: B

To weigh the pros and cons of whom he should date, Ted makes a list comparing Robin and Victoria. When Robin discovers this list, she grows furious with him, even though she was previously in love with him. Which of the following most correctly explains their feelings?

A)
Even though Victoria never liked Ted as much as Robin did, Victoria would hate Ted more than Robin would hate him after finding the list.
B)
If Ted chooses Robin based on the list, he probably had no trouble listing 10 pros for Victoria.
C)
If Ted chooses Victoria based on the list, he probably had no trouble listing 10 cons for Robin.
D)
Even though Victoria never liked Ted as much as Robin did, they both hate him equally after finding out he made this list.

Anaswer: C

Which of the following best highlights the difference between short-term memory and working memory?

A)
Short-term memory is an updated term for working memory, and introduces the idea of having several short-term buffers.
B)
Mostly bottom-up processing and automatic attention guide short-term memory whereas mostly top-down processes and controlled attention guide working memory.
C)
Short-term memory works more like a place of storage whereas working memory works more like an information processor.
D)
Short-term memory is thought to handle more perceptual level information whereas working memory is thought to handle conceptual information as well.

Anaswer: C

Which of the following questions would a researcher investigating the advantages of covert orienting over overt orienting ask?

A)
What are the benefits of looking directly at an object without paying attention to it?
B)
Could the semantic filter in Triesman's attenuation theory explain attending to a stimulus without directly observing it?
C)
Why are memories stronger when an individual is attending where they are looking, rather than attending to things without looking?
D)
Are there scenarios that require an individual to focus their attention on an object without directly observing it?

Anaswer: D