Genes and Their Evolution
Showing posts with label Genes and Their Evolution. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Genes and Their Evolution. Show all posts

The two main types of mutations are

The two main types of mutations are




A. synonymous and nonsynonymous.
B. frameshift and transposable.
C. spontaneous and induced.
D. point and synonymous.


Answer: Spontaneous and induced

At the end of last semester, your professor had a baby. In class, she notes that her baby weighed 7.2 lbs at birth. The other babies in the nursery that week weighed 7.0 lbs, 6.8 lbs, 9.2 lbs, 7.5 lbs, and 7.3 lbs. When she asks what phenomenon this pattern of birth weights represents, you raise your hand and correctly answer

At the end of last semester, your professor had a baby. In class, she notes that her baby weighed 7.2 lbs at birth. The other babies in the nursery that week weighed 7.0 lbs, 6.8 lbs, 9.2 lbs, 7.5 lbs, and 7.3 lbs. When she asks what phenomenon this pattern of birth weights represents, you raise your hand and correctly answer




A. no selection.
B. disruptive selection.
C. directional selection.
D. stabilizing selection


Answer: Stabilizing selection

The three patterns of natural selection are

The three patterns of natural selection are




A. one-way, disruptive, and stabilizing.
B. disruptive, equilibrium, and directional.
C. mutation, stabilizing, and directional.
D. stabilizing, directional, and disruptive.


Answer: Stabilizing, directional, and disruptive

Huntington's chorea is a genetically linked debilitating degenerative disorder with an onset usually after the fourth decade of life. The reason that this disease has not been eliminated through natural selection and is actually quite prevalent among communities in Lake Maracaibo, Venezuela, is

Huntington's chorea is a genetically linked debilitating degenerative disorder with an onset usually after the fourth decade of life. The reason that this disease has not been eliminated through natural selection and is actually quite prevalent among communities in Lake Maracaibo, Venezuela, is




A. the mutated gene is recessive and therefore tough to eliminate from a population.
B. the onset of the disease after prime childbearing years means it is largely unaffected by natural selection.
C. gene flow between the populations around Lake Maracaibo and European settlers maintains the gene in a balanced polymorphism.
D. there has not been enough time since the introduction of the disease for genetic drift to isolate the gene.


Answer: The onset of the disease after prime childbearing years means it is largely unaffected by natural selection.

Your cousin just started a part-time job at a blood bank. He tells you that a surprisingly large number of Native Americans come in to donate blood. You explain to him that, based on what you learned in physical anthropology class, this is not all that surprising because

Your cousin just started a part-time job at a blood bank. He tells you that a surprisingly large number of Native Americans come in to donate blood. You explain to him that, based on what you learned in physical anthropology class, this is not all that surprising because




A. owing to a founder effect, many Native American populations have high frequencies of the O blood type.
B. gene flow between Native Americans and European Americans but not vice versa means that Natives are the universal donors.
C. the AB blood type was selected for in the Native American population as a genetic adaptation in response to the smallpox that Europeans brought.
D. many Native American lands are on toxic waste dumps that cause a higher frequency of mutations and result in a high proportion of people with the A blood type.


Answer: Owing to a founder effect, many Native American populations have high frequencies of the O blood type.

If 70% of the hypothetical population passed along allele B, the dominant allele for brown eyes, and 30% passed along allele b, the recessive allele for blue eyes, the proportion of the subsequent generation with brown eyes would be ___________ given Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

If 70% of the hypothetical population passed along allele B, the dominant allele for brown eyes, and 30% passed along allele b, the recessive allele for blue eyes, the proportion of the subsequent generation with brown eyes would be ___________ given Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.




A. 28%
B. 70%
C. 91%
D. 99%


Answer: 91%

An online article that your professor asked you to critique states that African Americans cannot contract malaria, even if they go to endemic areas, because of a genetic trait that confers protection from the disease. Your response is that this article is incorrect because

An online article that your professor asked you to critique states that African Americans cannot contract malaria, even if they go to endemic areas, because of a genetic trait that confers protection from the disease. Your response is that this article is incorrect because




A. African Americans have lost the allele for normal red blood cells through genetic drift from their ancestral African population.
B. balanced polymorphism means that not all African Americans are heterozygous for the sickle cell trait.
C. protection from malaria cannot be conferred by genes.
D. African Americans are more likely to have thalassemia, which does not protect a person completely from contracting malaria.


Answer: Balanced polymorphism means that not all African Americans are heterozygous for the sickle cell trait.

At Thanksgiving dinner, your dad tells the old story about how your great-grandmother's longevity was related to a daily breakfast of coffee and grapefruit plus broccoli every night with dinner. No one else in your extended family lived to over 100 like she did, and your dad insists that this is because everyone else in the family has failed in their attempt to follow her diet plan. You speak up this Thanksgiving and offer your hypothesis that the dietary failure of the subsequent generations suggests that

At Thanksgiving dinner, your dad tells the old story about how your great-grandmother's longevity was related to a daily breakfast of coffee and grapefruit plus broccoli every night with dinner. No one else in your extended family lived to over 100 like she did, and your dad insists that this is because everyone else in the family has failed in their attempt to follow her diet plan. You speak up this Thanksgiving and offer your hypothesis that the dietary failure of the subsequent generations suggests that




A. your great-grandmother was a PTC-nontaster whereas everyone else in your family can taste PTC.
B. everyone else in the family is affected by balanced polymorphism, where they have evolved genes to be healthier during life no matter what they eat but also have a shortened lifespan.
C. natural selection has removed the genes that code for adherence to a dietary regime from the recent generations of your family.
D. changes in farming practices have adversely affected the quality and taste of coffee, grapefruit, and broccoli over the past few generations.


Answer: Your great-grandmother was a PTC-nontaster whereas everyone else in your family can taste PTC.

The case of the peppered moth and industrial melanism during the Industrial Revolution in England illustrates

The case of the peppered moth and industrial melanism during the Industrial Revolution in England illustrates




A. directional selection favoring the nonmelanic over the melanic form of the moth.
B. greater fitness of the nonmelanic form of the moth.
C. change in frequency of the nonmelanic genotype.
D. All of the above



Answer: Change in frequency of the non melanic genotype.
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