Field researchers attempt to achieve reliability and validity for the data collected in several ways. Of the following, which is NOT one of the ways they try to ensure reliability and validity?
A. member validation
B. ecological validity
C. internal consistency
D. external consistency
E. none of the above
Answer Key: E
Research
- A last pass at coding qualitative data in which a researcher examines previous codes to identify and select illustrative data that will support the conceptual coding categories that he or she developed.
- Jacob Ladder developed a pure model of the "college student." He identified several characteristics that make up this picture of a hypothetical student. Next, he examined many college students and compared them to his idealized model. He discovered that students at private colleges fit the model better than students at public colleges. He also learned that women fit the model better than men and that the model fits students from small towns better than those from large cities, suburbs, or rural areas. He used
- Professor Clondike asked the people she was studying to look at a set of 150 photos she had collected of their community. Each person was to take a set of the photos and sort them into piles that represented categories that made sense to them. Professor Clondike then asked for an explanation of what criteria were used to divide the photos. The methods Professor Clondike was used is called:
- When analyzing his qualitative data, Nicholas Grigoryevich made a last pass through his notes skimming previous codes. He looked for specific information or data that was related to the main themes he had already identified. This is called
- A method of qualitative data analysis in which a researcher takes the concepts of a social theory or explanation and treats them as empty boxes to be filled with empirical examples and descriptions.
- Sybil Thorndike developed an abstract model of the "perfect" poem. Her model included five factors: (1) clear cadence of words when spoken, (2) expressive emotional tone or mood, (3) powerful imagery, (4) creative word choice, and (5) overall appearance on the page) She used the factors to evaluate how well a group of 50 poems fit her model) She had created a(n)
- When writing analytic memos, a qualitative researcher should
- A type of writing about historical or other qualitative research in which the writer attempts to "tell a story" by following chronological orders, describing particular people and events, and focusing on many colorful details.
- A second coding of qualitative data after open coding. The researcher organizes the codes, develops links among them, and discovers key analytic categories.
- A researcher carefully followed ten nurses, one at a time, for four days. He recorded what each nurse did minute-by-minute and how long they spent on every activity. Afterwards, he examined how they really spent their time. He was conducting a(n.
- A name for conceptual categories in an explanation that a researcher uses as part of the illustrative method of qualitative data analysis.
- A method of qualitative data analysis in which the researcher repeatedly moves back and forth between the empirical data and abstract concepts, theories, or models.
- Which method of data analysis does a researcher begin with empty boxes or concepts and then go look for empirical evidence showing that the concepts are useful in organizing information?
- While analyzing qualitative data, Kristen Kurrenski made a first pass through her notes. She read slowly and put a preliminary label in the notes to identify themes in the data. She was using
- A first coding of qualitative data in which a researcher examines the data to condense them into preliminary analytic categories or codes for analyzing the data.
- Which the following is a weakness of historical-comparative research?
- Professor Henshaw went to the state historical library and state revenue department. He looked up the records of taxes paid each year by the twenty largest companies in the state between 1950 and the present. This type of data is best classified as
- A great deal of primary historical data is located in archives. Which of the following is TRUE about doing archival research?
- A comparative-historical researcher can encounter each of the following ethical issues, EXCEPT which one?
- The pure historian and the historical-comparative sociologist differ. The sociologist is more likely to
- You pick up a book called the Australia in the Penal Colony Years. When reading it, you notice that the author really only discusses the lives and ideas of five individuals based upon their diaries. The book is very micro-level. It only tells about the particular people with no generalization or integrating themes. This book illustrates which problem with secondary sources?
- Which of the following is internal criticism of a letter by General Rao written in 1904?
- Primary historical evidence on the 1920s U.S. Prohibition era includes a(n)
- Which is FALSE about historical-comparative research?
- Suzie studied the language of the Nuzski. In the language there is no word equal to the English word "compassion." She knows that the Nuzski people experience the emotion. This illustrates a problem with