If an older person with hearing impairment complains of not being able to hear what the nurse is saying, what could be a contributing cause of this?

If an older person with hearing impairment complains of not being able to hear what the nurse is saying, what could be a contributing cause of this?


a)  normal age-related changes
b)  build up of cerumen
c)  the nurse not facing the person when speaking
d)  all of the above