Listed below are the five steps in a nitric oxide (NO)-mediated signaling event.
1. Calcium binds to calmodulin
2. Activation of nitric oxide synthase
3. NO diffusion for tens of micrometers
4. Activation of guanylyl cyclase
5. Inactivation by reaction with oxygen
Answer: 1; 2; 3; 4; 5
Biopsychology
- Kluver-Bucy syndrome is characterized by:
- Which of the following neurotransmitters has been identified as seminally involved in an organism's reward system and is often altered by drugs of abuse?
- Two brain structures not originally proposed by Paper as important to emotional experience and expression, but now known to be important, are the ____ and the _____.
- Which of the following brain structures have been identified as primary sites where neuronal activity is altered by drugs of abuse?
- Which of the following is a symptom of clinical depression?
- Ventral divisions of the basal ganglia receive excitatory inputs from the:
- In associative learning studies of monkey, dopaminergic neural activity in the ventral segmental area of subjects that had been successfully conditioned to a stimulus showed:
- Which of the following does not provide inputs to the amygdala?
- The "Duchenne smile":
- The most enigmatic aspect of emotional experience is:
- An inability to express emotion through modulation of speech is called:
- Which of the following brain substrates is not involved in non-volitional emotional expressions?
- Activation of the visceral component of the sympathetic nervous system as it relates to emotional processing:
- Which are the following statements about lateralization of emotional processing is true?
- A response to a ______ constitutes a conditioned fear response in the rat.
- Which of the following was not one of the findings of the Bard and Hess studies of emotion?
- Which of the following statements about the amygdala is false?
- The "vicarious states" of Damasio give mental representations contingencies that:
- Functional neuroimaging studies (by Drevets and Raichle) of subjects with unipolar depression have shown:
- Patient S.M., who suffered selective bilateral damage to the amygdala, exhibited:
- Which of the following is not part of the hippocampus?
- Which of the following statements about the plasticity of synapses in the mammalian CNS is false?
- In the context of neuropathological activity, the phenomenon of kindling refers to:
- Which of the following statements about long-term synaptic plasticity in Aplysia is false?
- Firing an action potential in an axon initially causes a 10 mV depolarization (EPSP) in a postsynaptic neuron, but after giving a certain stimulus to the axon, firing it causes an 8 mV depolarization, after each action potential. This phenomenon is called: