The "Duchenne smile":

The "Duchenne smile":

The "Duchenne smile":





  1. involves activation of the orbicularis oculi muscles around the eyes.
  2. is driven selectively via the pyramidal motor system.
  3. involves those muscles affected in voluntary facial paresis.
  4. is unaffected by lesions that cause emotional facial paresis.
  5. all of the above

Answer: 1