Bone fractures are a risk factor in chronic renal failure because:
A. calcium is lost in the urine.
B. osteoblast activity is excessive.
C. the kidneys fail to activate vitamin D.
D. autoantibodies to calcium molecules develop.
Answer: C
Renal System
- The main group of drugs used for the treatment of urinary incontinence are:
- If a person with hypertension does not respond well to a specific diuretic they could be prescribed combination therapy. These combinations may include:
- Loop diuretics inhibit the:
- Lack of voluntary control over urination is called:
- The composition of fluid in the collecting duct may be altered by:
- In order to maintain essential kidney function the glomerular filtration rate in a normal person is about:
- Which of the following is not considered to be a major renal process?
- Which is not a function of the kidney?
- The functional unit of the kidney is the:
- The urine passes from the kidneys to the bladder via the:
- Which diuretic is indicated in the treatment of conditions such as oedema in heart failure, and as an adjunct therapy to acute pulmonary oedema?
- Loop diuretics are particularly effective. Their site of action accounts for which proportion of reabsorption of sodium and chloride?
- Potassium-sparing diuretics:
- Which part of the nephron plays an important role in glomerular filtrate reabsorption?
- Common adverse effects of amiloride would include:
- The ascending limb of the Loop of Henle is more permeable to:
- Thiazide diuretics act in the:
- The loop of Henle is important in regulating:
- Frusemide is an example of a:
- In geriatric clients using diuretics, there is an increased risk of:
- Wilms tumors are found in the:
- A 60-year-old male is diagnosed with acute kidney injury. Which of the following lab values would be most consistent with this diagnosis?
- A 56-year-old male presents with flank pain and polyuria. Tests reveal that he has an enlarged prostate. Which of the following types of acute kidney injury is most likely to occur?
- A 35-year-old female was severely burned and is hospitalised. She is now suffering from acute tubular necrosis. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
- A 42-year-old male is involved in a motor vehicle accident during which he loses a lot of blood. He develops acute kidney injury caused by: