Which is not considered to be a mechanism of action of opioid analgesics?

Which is not considered to be a mechanism of action of opioid analgesics? 




a. Inhibition of afferent transmission in the dorsal horn
b. Inhibition of pain perception via the limbic system, thalamus, hypothalamus and midbrain
c. Inhibition of substance P release in the dorsal horn
d. Stimulation of sigma receptors in the substantia gelatinosa



Answer: D


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