Which of the following statements is correct?
a. Midstream factors include treatment systems, disease management, and investment in clinical research.
b. Downstream factors include lifestyle, behavioural, and individual prevention programs.
c. Upstream factors involve government policies and investment in population health research.
d. Both a and b.
Answer: C
Public Health
- The future of public health is one with a focus on which of the following?
- In Australia, 13% of the population is 65 years old or older (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2010). During the past decades, the number and proportion of the population in this age group have increased rapidly in Australia. How can we reduce the impact of this on our health services?
- 'One of the major concerns for public health workers in countries like Australia is that __________ has/have a strong association with cardiovascular risk factors, obesity and diabetes.'
- Regardless of the health issue under consideration, what is one of the salient themes of public health in the twenty-first century?
- What are the three core components for a global plan for justice for the world's least healthy people as outlined by Gostin (2010)?
- The National Health and Medical Research Council's Road Map: A Strategic Framework for Improving Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Through Research (2004) sets out criteria for health and medical research with and of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians that include which of the following?
- Why did the Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission's Social Justice Report 2007 claim that the Northern Territory's 'Emergency Response' intervention was controversial?
- What is the goal of the Close the Gap campaign?
- Which of the following is true about the life expectancy at birth for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people as compared with non-indigenous Australians?
- In general, at the time of colonisation, accounts from early British and European explorers show that Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples had which of the following health conditions?
- Which of the following is not one of the Millennium Development Goals?
- Refugee crises affect Australia and many other countries, and there are misunderstandings about refugee resettlement in Australia. What are three popular myths regarding refugees?
- How could global trade contribute to increasing an individual's risk for chronic diseases?
- Fill in the gaps in the statement below with the most appropriate words and phrases: 'Globalisation is the movement across national boundaries of __________, which results in the world becoming politically, economically and culturally __________.'
- There are a number of major global trends that have been identified as having an impact on health. Which of the following issues is one of these global trends?
- Community development is the process of which of the following?
- A published review of successful health promotion revealed which of the following successful health-promotion actions?
- What is one of the major criticisms of health education?
- The Health Promoting Schools Framework is an example of community development that makes use of which three integrated components?
- Which of the following are the five essential actions of the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion?
- The key aspects of pandemic management include which of the following?
- The management of the response and relief phase may be considered to encompass the 'eight Cs' of response management. The third 'C' is for coordination, which refers to which of the following?
- The comprehensive approach to disaster management seeks to ensure consistency throughout the life cycle of a disaster, which consists of which of the following?
- According to the World Association for Disaster and Emergency Medicine, mixed hazards are those that are derived from the interaction of human development with the natural environment. Examples include which of the following?
- What are the key elements of flood management?