Foremost among the aims identified by Vladimir Lenin in his treatise What Is to Be Done? was:
Answer: The overthrow of the tsar.
HIST
- Given the fiscal limitations, the sultan of the Ottoman Empire, Abdülhamit II, took all of the following actions between 1876 and 1909 EXCEPT:
- Among the Enlightenment-inspired reforms of Alexander I was:
- Sultan Abdülhamit used the Russian-Ottoman War of 1877-1878 as an excuse to:
- Choose the correct chronological order for the events below:
- The assassination of ________ in 1881 by a leftist terrorist organization impatient for further reforms triggered a repressive backlash from the next tsar.
- Choose the correct chronological order of the events below:
- ______ became independent of Ottoman rule in a war of liberation (1821-1832), and it was the first country in which ethnic nationalism was an element in its foundation.
- The Balkan states of Serbia, Montenegro, Greece and Bulgaria:
- In 18th-century eastern Arabia, a local _________, Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab, exploited Ottoman decentralization to ally himself with Ibn Saud, the head of a powerful family.
- Theoretically, the Land Code of 1858 subjected all users of the "sultan's land" to taxation, but:
- Junior military officers launched a coup in 1908 and forced the sultan to:
- In _____, after widespread revolts against tax increases to cover a lavish European trip by the shah of Persia, a constitutional revolution put parliamentary limits on the Qajar regime.
- Ottoman troops were able to repress nationalist agitators in Macedonia in the 1890s because:
- In the 1870s, conservative intellectuals broadened the conceptualization of Russian nationality into an ideology of Pan-__________.
- In a reform of the educational system in 1782, _________ made education, from urban primary schools to high schools, free and mostly staffed with clergy.
- When they established power, the Qajars:
- As a result of its loss in the Crimean War of __________, Russia was forced to recognize the Ottoman Empire's right to full integrity.
- In 1839, the Ottoman government issued a series of reform edicts that are collectively known as Tanzimat or "______".
- All of the following is true of the crisis from 1873 to 1878 EXCEPT:
- Among the innovative measures proposed by Nikolai Chernyshevsky in his novel What Is to be Done? was:
- The Congress of Berlin had the following impact on the Ottomans EXCEPT:
- Shiites are unique in having a small number, about half a dozen today, of ___________ ("signs of God"), who are distinguished by their knowledge of the Quran and Islamic tradition.
- All of the following are true of the second Ottoman siege to Vienna EXCEPT:
- Even though Ottoman sappers and siege cannons succeeded in breaching the walls of Vienna in several places in 1683, a __________ relief army allied with the Habsburgs arrived just in time to drive out the besieging forces.