Which of the following is NOT an example of institutional discrimination?
a. Federal Housing Administration manuals that redlined non-White neighborhoods as too "high risk" for lending Instructor Resource Chambliss, Discover Sociology 3e SAGE Publications, Inc., 2018
b. underwriting practices that result in Black families being offered subprime loans at a higher rate than similarly situated White families c. a landlord who does not return phone calls to people with last names that "sound" Latino
d. check-cashing and payday loan establishments outnumbering accredited banking institutions in poor, urban neighborhoods
Answer: c