NAIMMCQ: February 2020

Archive for February 2020

Which of the following is NOT a contraindication to intermittent compression?

Intermittent claudication
DVT
Displaced Fracture
Local superficial infection

Answer: Intermittent Claudication

What may be combined with compression treatment?

Cold, via a cold-compression unit
Electrical stimulating current
Neither A nor B
Both A and B

Answer: Cold, via a cold-compression unit AND Electrical stimulating current

How long should most intermittent compression treatments last, bearing in mind patient comfort?

5-10 minutes
10-20 minutes
20-30 minutes
Over an hour

Answer: 20-30 minutes

At what minimum setting should the pressure be when using intermittent compression devices?

Greater than or equal to 30 mmHg
Greater than or equal to 100 mmHG
Approximately systolic pressure
Approximately diastolic pressure

Answer: Greater than or equal to 30 mmHg

Which of the following are responsible for lymph movement?

Muscle activities
Active and passive movements
Elevated positions
All of the above

Answer: Muscle Activities, Active and Passive Movements, and Elevated Positions

Lymph is composed of ____.

Endothelial cells and fibrils
A transparent, slightly yellow liquid found in lymphatic vessels
The fluid in extracellular space
Blood and the joint fluid in the joint

Answer: Transparent, Slightly yellow liquid found in lymphatic vessels.

Excessive accumulation of lymph fluid in subcutaneous tissue is called ____.

Edema
Lymphedema
Joint swelling
Pitting edema

Answer: Lymphedema

What is the appropriate range of force to be used on a patient while performing mechanical lumbar traction?

0-50 pounds
65-200 pounds
200-300 pounds
As great as the athlete can tolerate

Answer: 65-200 pounds

If traction treatments are resulting in no change in symptoms or a worsening of symptoms. The treatment should be ____.

Done more often
Continued one more week
Performed in a different position
Discontinued

Answer: Discontinued

How long should intermittent manual traction be applied?

Less than 30 seconds
1-2 minutes
3-10 minutes
10-15 minutes

Answer: 3-10 minutes

Which of the following is not a contraindication to traction?

Muscle strain
Acute inflammation
Fractures
Vertebral joint instability

Answer: Muscle Strain

What is the most common problem traction is used to treat?

Spondylolisthesis
Fibrosis
Nerve root impingement
None of the above

Answer: Nerve Root Impingement

Traction has effects on ____.

Articular facet joints
Paraspinal muscles
Nerve roots
All of the above

Answer: Articular Facet Joints, Paraspinal Muscles, Nerve Roots.

Traction may help reduce disk herniation. In this condition the ____ protrudes.

Annulus fibrosus
Nucleus pulposus
Disk material
Synovial Fringe

Answer: Nucleus Pulposus

What energy density range is used in therapeutic laser applications?

0.05-4 mJ/cm2
0.05-4 J/cm2
5-15 mJ/cm2
5-15 J/cm2

Answer: 0.05-4 J/cm2

Which of the following is a contraindication for low-power lasers?

Bone fracture
Cancerous tumors
Inflammation
Wounds

Answer: Wounds

What type of laser application technique consists of holding the applicator over each square cm for the appropriate period of time?

Dosimetry
Wanding
Scanning
Gridding

Answer: Scanning

How are lasers throught to influence the inflammatory process?

Decrease prostaglandin production
Increase lymphocyte activity
Realign collagen
Increase metabolism

Answer: Decrease Prostaglandin Production

Wounds treated with low-power lasers were shown to have what?

Increased tensile strength
Increased collagen synthesis
Both A and B
Neither A nor B

Answer: Increased tensile strength and increased collagen synthesis

___ lasers may be used for wound healing and pain management.

High Power
Low Power
Hot
Chemical

Answer: Chemical

Which of the following is NOT a property of lasers?

Monochromaticity
Coherence
Divergence
Collimation

Answer: Coherence

Toweling must be used with thermal diathermy primarily to _____.

Avoid contact with machine
Avoid moisture accumulation
Maintain patient modesty
Ensure even heating

Answer: Avoid moisture accumulation

Which conditions may be treated with diathermy?

Postacute muscle strain
Tendinitis
Joint contractures
All of the above

Answer: Postacute muscle strains, tendinitis, and joint contractures.

Which of the following is a contraindication for diathermy?

Watches or jewelry
Improving ROM
Muscle Guarding
Increased bloodflow

Answer: Watches or jewelry

What type of diathermy should be used to heat a large area on a patient with thick subcutaneous fat?

Capacitance technique
Pulsed shortwave diathermy
Pad electrodes
Induction technique

Answer: Induction Technique

Microwave diathermy units produce a strong _ and a weak _.

Electrical field, magnetic field.
Magnetic field, electrical field.
Magnetic field, eddy current.
Eddy current, electrical field.

Answer: Electrical field, magnetic field.

The drum electrode is an example of a(n) ____.

Capacitor electrode
Induction electrode
Cable electrode
None of the Above

Answer: Induction Electrode

Shortwave capacitor electrodes are called which of the following?

Air space plates
Pad electrodes
Both A and B
Neither A nor B

Answer: Air space plates and pad electrodes.

In order to increase tissue temperature 2 degrees Celsius, how long must the ultrasound treatment time be at a setting of 1 MHz and 1.0 W/cm2?

5 minutes
10 minutes
7.5 minutes
15 minutes

Answer: 10 minutes

___ uses ultrasound to drive molecules of medication into the skin.

Combo Therapy
Iontophoresis
Phonophoresis
None of the above

Answer: Phonophoresis

Ultrasound may be used to treat which of the following?

Bone fracture
Pain
Plantar Warts
All of the above

Answer: Bone fracture, pain, and plantar warts.

Which of the following is the least effective ultrasound coupling method?

Massage lotion
Ultrasonic gel
Water immersion
Bladder technique

Answer: Massage lotion

Which of the following is NOT a nonthermal effect of ultrasound?

Acoustic Microstreaming
Cavitation
Increased Collagen Extensibility
Increased fibroblastic activity

Answer: Increased Collagen Extensibility

A(n) ____ may develop when standing waves form at tissue interfaces and reflect energy meets transmitted energy increasing the intensity.

Hot Spot
Impedance
Rarefaction
Collimated Beam

Answer: Hot Spot

The decrease in energy intensity of the ultrasound wave as it is scattered and dispersed while traveling through various tissues is known as which of the following?

Acoustic impedance
Attenuation
Rarefaction
Compression

Answer: Attenuation

In what condition would thermotherapy be indicated?

Decreased ROM
Skin anesthesia
Acute musculoskeletal injury
Acute pain

Answer: Decreased ROM

Which of the following is a contraindication for cryotherapy?

Acute pain
Skin anesthesia
Muscle spasm
Acute ligament sprain

Answer: Skin Anesthesia

Which of the following is not an effect of thermotherapy?

Increased circulation
Relaxed spasms
Decreased cell metabolism
Increased soft-tissue elasticity

Answer: Decreased Cell Metabolism

An insulating layer of water next to the skin is called which of the following?

Erythema
Thermopane
Anesthesia
Inflammation

Answer: Thermopane

The three to four stages of sensation following cold application, in order, are the following:

Sting, cold, burn/ache, numb
Cold, sting, numb, burn/ache
Burn/ache, cold, sting, numb
Cold, sting, burn/ache, numb

Answer: Cold, Sting, Burn/Ache, Numb

should be used on acute injuries to temperature and thus slow metabolic rate.

Cold, decrease
Cold, increase
Heat, decrease
Heat, increase

Answer: Cold, Decrease

This mechanism of heat transfer is through direct contact.

Radiation
Convection
Conduction
Conversion

Answer: Conduction

Which of the following cognitive processes may affect pain perception?

Depression
Past Pain Experiences
Both A and B
Neither A nor B

Answer: Depression and Past Pain Experiences

B-Endorphin, an endogenous opioid, is released from the ____.

Hypothalamus
Anterior pituitary gland
Raphe nucleus
A and B

Answer: Hypothalamus and Anterior Pituitary Gland

Stimulation of the SG occurs in the ____ theory of pain.

Space
Descending
Gate Control
Enkephalin Release

Answer: Gate Control

Which of the following is/are characteristics of a-delta fibers?

Large-diameter fibers
Fast conduction velocities
Transmission of brief localized pain
All of the above

Answer: Large Diameter Fibers, Fact Conduction Velocities, and Transmission of Brief Localized Pain.

Which of the following plays a role in transmitting sensations of pain?

Substance P
Enkephalin
Dynorphin
Serotonin

Answer: Supstance P

Pain receptors in the body are called ____.

Meissner's Corpuscles
Krause's End Bulbs
Pacinian Corpuscles
Nociceptors

Answer: Nociceptors

Which of the following is not a method of pain assessment?

MPQ
Snellen Test
Visual Analog Scales
Numeric Pain Scales

Answer: Snellen Test

Your patient has an arterial ulcer located on the distal end of her great toe. Which of the following modalities is not contraindicated?

Therapeutic Ultrasound
Pneumatic Compression Therapy
Heat therapy
Hydrotherapy
Electrical Stimulation

Answer: Therapeutic Ultrasound

Which of the following modalities are not generally thought to stimulate inflammatory cell function (eg. macrophages)?

Therapeutic Ultrasound
Pneumatic Compression Therapy
Laser
Electrical Stimulation
Hydrotherapy

Answer: Pneumatic Compression Therapy

Which of the following modalities require the longest application time (not including set up/clean up)?

Therapeutic ultrasound
Hydrotherapy tank
UVC
Laser
Electrical stimulation

Answer: Hydrotherapy Tank

Which of the following changes would promote a greater depth of penetration of an electrical signal when using a monopolar electrode setup.

Increase the size of the active electrode.
Improve the conductivity of the wound packing material.
Move the dispersive electrode closer to active electrode.
Decrease the electrical pulse frequency.
Increase the intensity of the electrical signal.

Answer: Increase the intensity of the electrical signal

Which physiological response requires the strongest electrical stimulus or greatest electrical charge?

Subsensory
Submotor (just below level required to produce muscle contract)
Motor (muscle twitch)
Noxious or painful stimuli
Sensory

Answer: Noxious or painful stimuli

The highest level of research evidence is available for which of the following modalities to treat pressure ulcers in people with SCI?

Negative Pressure Therapy
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy
Therapeutic Ultrasound
Electrical Stimulation
Laser Therapy

Answer: Electrical Stimulation

Which of the following modalities help to heal wounds by removing foreign or devitalized tissues (debridement)?

Electrical Stimulation
Laser
Noncontact, nonthermal US (MIST)
Hydrotherapy
UVC

Answer: Noncontact, nonthermal US (MIST)

Which of the following modalities have been shown to be most likely to kill bacteria when applied to in vitro cultures of bacteria that are commonly found in chronic wounds?

Pneumatic Compression
Laser
Noncontact, nonthermal US (MIST)
Hydrotherapy
UVC

Answer: Pneumatic Compression

Which of the following is not a chemical mediator involved in the inflammatory-response phase?

Testosterone
Histamine
Necrosin
Leukotaxin

Answer: Testosterone

Approximately how long does the maturation-remodeling phase of the healing process last?

Less than 1 week
1 week
1-2 weeks
3 weeks to 2 years

Answer: 3 weeks to 2 years

___ states that bone and soft tissue remodel and realign according to the physical demands placed on them.

Wolff's Law
Ohm's Law
Meissner's Law
McGill's Law

Answer: Wolff's Law

During the inflammatory response phase of the healing process, modalities are used to:

Control pain
Reduce swelling
Both A and B
Neither A nor B

Answer: Control pain and reduce swelling.

The extracellular matrix, formed by fibroblastic cells, consists of:

Collagen
Elastin
Ground Substance
All of the above

Answer: Collagen, Elastin, and Ground Substance

Which of the following type of cell has phagocytic characteristics?

RBC's
Platelets
Leukocytes
Endothelials

Answer: Leukocytes

The three phases of the healing process in order are as follows:

Fibroblastic repair, inflammatory response, maturation-remodeling
Inflammatory response, fibroblastic repair, matruation-remodeling
INflammatory response, maturation-remodeling, fibroblastic repair

Answer: Inflammatory Response, Fibroblastic Repair, Maturation-Remodeling.

According to the cosine law, to minimize reflection and maximize absorption, the energy source must be at a ___ angle to the surface.

45 degree
90 degree
180 degree
0 degree

Answer: 90 degrees