Which of the following is NOT a contraindication to intermittent compression?

Which of the following is NOT a contraindication to intermittent compression? Intermittent claudication DVT Displaced Fracture Local superficial infection Answer: Intermittent...

What may be combined with compression treatment?

What may be combined with compression treatment? Cold, via a cold-compression unit Electrical stimulating current Neither A nor B Both A and B Answer: Cold,...

How long should most intermittent compression treatments last, bearing in mind patient comfort?

How long should most intermittent compression treatments last, bearing in mind patient comfort? 5-10 minutes 10-20 minutes 20-30 minutes Over an hour Answer: 20-30...

At what minimum setting should the pressure be when using intermittent compression devices?

At what minimum setting should the pressure be when using intermittent compression devices? Greater than or equal to 30 mmHg Greater than or equal...

Which of the following are responsible for lymph movement?

Which of the following are responsible for lymph movement? Muscle activities Active and passive movements Elevated positions All of the above Answer: Muscle...

Lymph is composed of ____.

Lymph is composed of ____. Endothelial cells and fibrils A transparent, slightly yellow liquid found in lymphatic vessels The fluid in extracellular...

Excessive accumulation of lymph fluid in subcutaneous tissue is called ____.

Excessive accumulation of lymph fluid in subcutaneous tissue is called ____. Edema Lymphedema Joint swelling Pitting edema Answer: Lymphede...

What is the appropriate range of force to be used on a patient while performing mechanical lumbar traction?

What is the appropriate range of force to be used on a patient while performing mechanical lumbar traction? 0-50 pounds 65-200 pounds 200-300 pounds As...

If traction treatments are resulting in no change in symptoms or a worsening of symptoms. The treatment should be ____.

If traction treatments are resulting in no change in symptoms or a worsening of symptoms. The treatment should be ____. Done more often Continued one...

How long should intermittent manual traction be applied?

How long should intermittent manual traction be applied? Less than 30 seconds 1-2 minutes 3-10 minutes 10-15 minutes Answer: 3-10 minut...

Which of the following is not a contraindication to traction?

Which of the following is not a contraindication to traction? Muscle strain Acute inflammation Fractures Vertebral joint instability Answer: Muscle...

What is the most common problem traction is used to treat?

What is the most common problem traction is used to treat? Spondylolisthesis Fibrosis Nerve root impingement None of the above Answer: Nerve...

Traction has effects on ____.

Traction has effects on ____. Articular facet joints Paraspinal muscles Nerve roots All of the above Answer: Articular Facet Joints, Paraspinal...

Traction may help reduce disk herniation. In this condition the ____ protrudes.

Traction may help reduce disk herniation. In this condition the ____ protrudes. Annulus fibrosus Nucleus pulposus Disk material Synovial Fringe Answer: Nucleus...

What energy density range is used in therapeutic laser applications?

What energy density range is used in therapeutic laser applications? 0.05-4 mJ/cm2 0.05-4 J/cm2 5-15 mJ/cm2 5-15 J/cm2 Answer: 0.05-4 J/c...

Which of the following is a contraindication for low-power lasers?

Which of the following is a contraindication for low-power lasers? Bone fracture Cancerous tumors Inflammation Wounds Answer: Woun...

What type of laser application technique consists of holding the applicator over each square cm for the appropriate period of time?

What type of laser application technique consists of holding the applicator over each square cm for the appropriate period of time? Dosimetry Wand...

How are lasers throught to influence the inflammatory process?

How are lasers throught to influence the inflammatory process? Decrease prostaglandin production Increase lymphocyte activity Realign collagen Increase...

Wounds treated with low-power lasers were shown to have what?

Wounds treated with low-power lasers were shown to have what? Increased tensile strength Increased collagen synthesis Both A and B Neither A nor B Answer: Increased...

___ lasers may be used for wound healing and pain management.

___ lasers may be used for wound healing and pain management. High Power Low Power Hot Chemical Answer: Chemic...

Which of the following is NOT a property of lasers?

Which of the following is NOT a property of lasers? Monochromaticity Coherence Divergence Collimation Answer: Coheren...

Toweling must be used with thermal diathermy primarily to _____.

Toweling must be used with thermal diathermy primarily to _____. Avoid contact with machine Avoid moisture accumulation Maintain patient modesty Ensure...

Which conditions may be treated with diathermy?

Which conditions may be treated with diathermy? Postacute muscle strain Tendinitis Joint contractures All of the above Answer: Postacute muscle...

Which of the following is a contraindication for diathermy?

Which of the following is a contraindication for diathermy? Watches or jewelry Improving ROM Muscle Guarding Increased bloodflow Answer: Watches...

What type of diathermy should be used to heat a large area on a patient with thick subcutaneous fat?

What type of diathermy should be used to heat a large area on a patient with thick subcutaneous fat? Capacitance technique Pulsed shortwave diathermy Pad...

Microwave diathermy units produce a strong ___ and a weak ___.

Microwave diathermy units produce a strong ___ and a weak ___. Electrical field, magnetic field. Magnetic field, electrical field. Magnetic field,...

The drum electrode is an example of a(n) ____.

The drum electrode is an example of a(n) ____. Capacitor electrode Induction electrode Cable electrode None of the Above Answer: Induction ...

Shortwave capacitor electrodes are called which of the following?

Shortwave capacitor electrodes are called which of the following? Air space plates Pad electrodes Both A and B Neither A nor B Answer: Air space...

In order to increase tissue temperature 2 degrees Celsius, how long must the ultrasound treatment time be at a setting of 1 MHz and 1.0 W/cm2?

In order to increase tissue temperature 2 degrees Celsius, how long must the ultrasound treatment time be at a setting of 1 MHz and 1.0 W/cm2? 5 minutes 10...

___ uses ultrasound to drive molecules of medication into the skin.

___ uses ultrasound to drive molecules of medication into the skin. Combo Therapy Iontophoresis Phonophoresis None of the above Answer: Pho...

Ultrasound may be used to treat which of the following?

Ultrasound may be used to treat which of the following? Bone fracture Pain Plantar Warts All of the above Answer: Bone fracture, pain, and plantar...

Which of the following is the least effective ultrasound coupling method?

Which of the following is the least effective ultrasound coupling method? Massage lotion Ultrasonic gel Water immersion Bladder technique Answer: Massage...

Which of the following is NOT a nonthermal effect of ultrasound?

Which of the following is NOT a nonthermal effect of ultrasound? Acoustic Microstreaming Cavitation Increased Collagen Extensibility Increased fibroblastic...

A(n) ____ may develop when standing waves form at tissue interfaces and reflect energy meets transmitted energy increasing the intensity.

A(n) ____ may develop when standing waves form at tissue interfaces and reflect energy meets transmitted energy increasing the intensity. Hot Spot Impedance Rarefaction Collimated...

The decrease in energy intensity of the ultrasound wave as it is scattered and dispersed while traveling through various tissues is known as which of the following?

The decrease in energy intensity of the ultrasound wave as it is scattered and dispersed while traveling through various tissues is known as which of...

In what condition would thermotherapy be indicated?

In what condition would thermotherapy be indicated? Decreased ROM Skin anesthesia Acute musculoskeletal injury Acute pain Answer: Decreased...

Which of the following is a contraindication for cryotherapy?

Which of the following is a contraindication for cryotherapy? Acute pain Skin anesthesia Muscle spasm Acute ligament sprain Answer: Skin An...

Which of the following is not an effect of thermotherapy?

Which of the following is not an effect of thermotherapy? Increased circulation Relaxed spasms Decreased cell metabolism Increased soft-tissue elasticity Answer: Decreased...

An insulating layer of water next to the skin is called which of the following?

An insulating layer of water next to the skin is called which of the following? Erythema Thermopane Anesthesia Inflammation Answer: Thermop...

The three to four stages of sensation following cold application, in order, are the following:

The three to four stages of sensation following cold application, in order, are the following: Sting, cold, burn/ache, numb Cold, sting, numb, burn/ache Burn/ache,...

____ should be used on acute injuries to ____ temperature and thus slow metabolic rate.

____ should be used on acute injuries to ____ temperature and thus slow metabolic rate. Cold, decrease Cold, increase Heat, decrease Heat, increase Answer: Cold,...

This mechanism of heat transfer is through direct contact.

This mechanism of heat transfer is through direct contact. Radiation Convection Conduction Conversion Answer: Conducti...

Which of the following cognitive processes may affect pain perception?

Which of the following cognitive processes may affect pain perception? Depression Past Pain Experiences Both A and B Neither A nor B Answer: Depression...

B-Endorphin, an endogenous opioid, is released from the ____.

B-Endorphin, an endogenous opioid, is released from the ____. Hypothalamus Anterior pituitary gland Raphe nucleus A and B Answer: Hypothalamus...

Stimulation of the SG occurs in the ____ theory of pain.

Stimulation of the SG occurs in the ____ theory of pain. Space Descending Gate Control Enkephalin Release Answer: Gate Contr...

Which of the following is/are characteristics of a-delta fibers?

Which of the following is/are characteristics of a-delta fibers? Large-diameter fibers Fast conduction velocities Transmission of brief localized pain All...

Which of the following plays a role in transmitting sensations of pain?

Which of the following plays a role in transmitting sensations of pain? Substance P Enkephalin Dynorphin Serotonin Answer: Supstance...

Pain receptors in the body are called ____.

Pain receptors in the body are called ____. Meissner's Corpuscles Krause's End Bulbs Pacinian Corpuscles Nociceptors Answer: Nocicepto...

Which of the following is not a method of pain assessment?

Which of the following is not a method of pain assessment? MPQ Snellen Test Visual Analog Scales Numeric Pain Scales Answer: Snellen Te...

Your patient has an arterial ulcer located on the distal end of her great toe. Which of the following modalities is not contraindicated?

Your patient has an arterial ulcer located on the distal end of her great toe. Which of the following modalities is not contraindicated? Therapeutic...

Which of the following modalities are not generally thought to stimulate inflammatory cell function (eg. macrophages)?

Which of the following modalities are not generally thought to stimulate inflammatory cell function (eg. macrophages)? Therapeutic Ultrasound Pneumatic...

Which of the following modalities require the longest application time (not including set up/clean up)?

Which of the following modalities require the longest application time (not including set up/clean up)? Therapeutic ultrasound Hydrotherapy tank UVC Laser Electrical...

Which of the following changes would promote a greater depth of penetration of an electrical signal when using a monopolar electrode setup.

Which of the following changes would promote a greater depth of penetration of an electrical signal when using a monopolar electrode setup.  Increase...

Which physiological response requires the strongest electrical stimulus or greatest electrical charge?

Which physiological response requires the strongest electrical stimulus or greatest electrical charge? Subsensory Submotor (just below level required...

The highest level of research evidence is available for which of the following modalities to treat pressure ulcers in people with SCI?

The highest level of research evidence is available for which of the following modalities to treat pressure ulcers in people with SCI? Negative Pressure...

Which of the following modalities help to heal wounds by removing foreign or devitalized tissues (debridement)?

Which of the following modalities help to heal wounds by removing foreign or devitalized tissues (debridement)? Electrical Stimulation Laser Noncontact,...

Which of the following modalities have been shown to be most likely to kill bacteria when applied to in vitro cultures of bacteria that are commonly found in chronic wounds?

Which of the following modalities have been shown to be most likely to kill bacteria when applied to in vitro cultures of bacteria that are commonly...

Which of the following is not a chemical mediator involved in the inflammatory-response phase?

Which of the following is not a chemical mediator involved in the inflammatory-response phase? Testosterone Histamine Necrosin Leukotaxin Answer...

Approximately how long does the maturation-remodeling phase of the healing process last?

Approximately how long does the maturation-remodeling phase of the healing process last? Less than 1 week 1 week 1-2 weeks 3 weeks to 2 years Answer: 3...

___ states that bone and soft tissue remodel and realign according to the physical demands placed on them.

___ states that bone and soft tissue remodel and realign according to the physical demands placed on them. Wolff's Law Ohm's Law Meissner's Law McGill's...

During the inflammatory response phase of the healing process, modalities are used to:

During the inflammatory response phase of the healing process, modalities are used to: Control pain Reduce swelling Both A and B Neither A nor B Answer: Control...

The extracellular matrix, formed by fibroblastic cells, consists of:

The extracellular matrix, formed by fibroblastic cells, consists of: Collagen Elastin Ground Substance All of the above Answer: Collagen, Elastin,...

Which of the following type of cell has phagocytic characteristics?

Which of the following type of cell has phagocytic characteristics? RBC's Platelets Leukocytes Endothelials Answer: Leukocyt...

The three phases of the healing process in order are as follows:

The three phases of the healing process in order are as follows: Fibroblastic repair, inflammatory response, maturation-remodeling Inflammatory response,...

Based on their different characteristics, which of the following travels at greater velocity through human tissue?

Based on their different characteristics, which of the following travels at greater velocity through human tissue? Sound Energy Electromagnetic Energy Both...

Thermal energy modalities generally affect superficial tissue up to ____ cm deep.

Thermal energy modalities generally affect superficial tissue up to ____ cm deep. 5 cm 0.5 cm 1 cm 10 cm Answer: 1 ...

Electrical stimulating currents may produce the following effects:

Electrical stimulating currents may produce the following effects: Muscle contraction Net ion movement Decrease in pain All of the above Answer: Muscle...

According to the cosine law, to minimize reflection and maximize absorption, the energy source must be at a ___ angle to the surface.

According to the cosine law, to minimize reflection and maximize absorption, the energy source must be at a ___ angle to the surface. 45 degree 90...

The ____ states that if superficial tissue does not absorb energy, it must be transmitted deeper.

The ____ states that if superficial tissue does not absorb energy, it must be transmitted deeper. Law of Grotthus-Draper Cosine Law Inverse Square...

Sound or radiation waves that change direction when passing from one type of tissue to another are said to:

Sound or radiation waves that change direction when passing from one type of tissue to another are said to: Transmit Absorb Reflect Refract Answ...

Which of the following is Not an electromagnetic energy modality?

Which of the following is Not an electromagnetic energy modality? Ultraviolet Light Ultrasound Low-Power Laser Shortwave Diathermy Answer: ...