What test allows identification of a capsule in bacteria?

What test allows identification of a capsule in bacteria?

Answer: The quellung test utilizes anti'-capsular antibodies that bind and induce capsular swelling, which can then be visualized by light microscopy. It was used in the past for the detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae.

What are the two functions of a bacterial capsule?

What are the two functions of a bacterial capsule?

Answer:

1. Capsules are virulence factors that serve to protect bacteria from phagocytosis by macrophages and neutrophils.
2. They also aid bacteria in attaching to host surfaces.

What are the two notable examples of bacterial capsules made from a macromolecule other than polysaccharides?

What are the two notable examples of bacterial capsules made from a macromolecule other than polysaccharides?

Answer:

1. The capsule of Bacillus anthmcis is made from D-glutamic acid polypeptide.
2. The capsule of Yersinia pestis is made from amino acids.

Bacterial capsules are typically made from what macromolecule?

Bacterial capsules are typically made from what macromolecule?

Answer: Polysaccharides (macromolecules made of sugar monomers)

What are the three major components of the bacterial envelope?

What are the three major components of the bacterial envelope?

1. Capsule
2. Cell wall
3. Cell membrane

Which of the following is NOT a process of design thinking:

Which of the following is NOT a process of design thinking:

Answer: Initiation

According to Hassard (2009) restructuring, financialization, downsizing, de-layering, and removal of employee entitlements are all examples of __________________.

According to Hassard (2009) restructuring, financialization, downsizing, de-layering, and removal of employee entitlements are all examples of __________________.

Answer: Rationalized rules

Rationalized and impersonal rules that bind different organizations through belief in their legitimacy are known as ________________.

Rationalized and impersonal rules that bind different organizations through belief in their legitimacy are known as ________________.

Answer: Rationalized rules

A virtual organization is:

A virtual organization is:

Answer: Distributed and loosely defined

Which of the following is not a characteristic of responsible autonomy?

Which of the following is not a characteristic of responsible autonomy?

Answer: Relatively autonomous roles responsible to rules

What is a heterarchy?

What is a heterarchy?

Answer: A form of shared power

Which of the following is not an example of a new organizational form?

Which of the following is not an example of a new organizational form?

Answer: Virgin

Matrix organizations are:

Matrix organizations are:

Answer: A mixed organizational form in which traditional vertical hierarchy is overlaid by a horizontal structure consisting of projects, products, and business subsidiaries or geographical areas.

Call centers are places where you:

Call centers are places where you:

Answer: Will have questions answered about products and services on the telephone

M- form organizations are:

M- form organizations are:

Answer: Models that are defined by being antithetical to bureaucracy

Networks, Cellular models, Federal approaches, Creative compartments, Postmodern models, Flexible, Virtual, and Individualized corporations are all examples of ____________.

Networks, Cellular models, Federal approaches, Creative compartments, Postmodern models, Flexible, Virtual, and Individualized corporations are all examples of ____________.

Answer: New organizational forms

As occurred with the classic bureaucracy, the multi-divisional form (or M-form) came under increased pressure. Which of the following pressures is NOT one identified by Pettigrew et al. (2002)?

As occurred with the classic bureaucracy, the multi-divisional form (or M-form) came under increased pressure. Which of the following pressures is NOT one identified by Pettigrew et al. (2002)?

Answer: A return to classical bureaucratic form of organizing

What was a major difference between the classic bureaucracy and the emergent multi-divisional form (MDF)?

What was a major difference between the classic bureaucracy and the emergent multi-divisional form (MDF)?

Answer: Rules became outcomes oriented rather than process oriented

In your textbook, what is the multi-divisional form of organization also referred to as?

In your textbook, what is the multi-divisional form of organization also referred to as?

Answer: The Hub and Spokes Model

By the 1930s, classic bureaucracy was waning in the leading edge companies and a new organizational form developed. This new organizational form was called ____________.

By the 1930s, classic bureaucracy was waning in the leading edge companies and a new organizational form developed. This new organizational form was called ____________.

Answer: Multi-divisional form

According to your textbook, new organizational forms are:

According to your textbook, new organizational forms are:

Answer: Models that are defined by being antithetical to bureaucracy

According to your text book, why would it be erroneous to project organizational assumptions - such as structure and hierarchy etc - on Linux?

According to your text book, why would it be erroneous to project organizational assumptions - such as structure and hierarchy etc - on Linux?

Answer: Linux is an emergent product of loosely coupled networks rather than an organization

What does the concept of SARFIT - Structural Adjustment to Regain Fit - mean?

What does the concept of SARFIT - Structural Adjustment to Regain Fit - mean?

Answer: All organizations would sometimes slip out of alignment with the contingencies they must deal with and so must undergo structural change

Who is the famous contingency theorist that developed the concept of SARFIT - Structural Adjustment to Regain Fit?

Who is the famous contingency theorist that developed the concept of SARFIT - Structural Adjustment to Regain Fit?

Answer: Lex Donaldson

In contingency theory what does the anagram SARFIT represent?

In contingency theory what does the anagram SARFIT represent?

Answer: Structural Adjustment to Regain Fit

John Child's (2002) concept of strategic choice argues that ___________________.

John Child's (2002) concept of strategic choice argues that ___________________.

Answer: Managers in positions of control configure the organization's structure through their choice of markets, technologies etc

The concept of strategic choice - meaning managers in positions of control make strategic decisions which effect the configuration of the organization - was developed by ____________.

The concept of strategic choice - meaning managers in positions of control make strategic decisions which effect the configuration of the organization - was developed by ____________.

Answer: John Child

What does Howard Aldrich (2002) argue about size as a contingency of organizational structure?

What does Howard Aldrich (2002) argue about size as a contingency of organizational structure?

Answer: Size is an effect of structure, rather than a cause of structure

Of Mintzberg's five structures, which one is characterized by interrelated project teams normally constituted of experts who share power and decision-making?

Of Mintzberg's five structures, which one is characterized by interrelated project teams normally constituted of experts who share power and decision-making?

Answer: Adhocracy

Of Mintzberg's five structures, which one is characterized by the use of autonomous divisions comprised of experts that take responsibility for producing specialized products for its market?

Of Mintzberg's five structures, which one is characterized by the use of autonomous divisions comprised of experts that take responsibility for producing specialized products for its market?

Answer: Divisionalized form

Of Mintzberg's five structures, which is characterized by standardized skills rather than processes, flatter hierarchies, and usually large numbers of support staff?

Of Mintzberg's five structures, which is characterized by standardized skills rather than processes, flatter hierarchies, and usually large numbers of support staff?

Answer: Professional bureaucracy

Of Mintzberg's five structures, which one is characterized as having the most basic structure consisting of top management, few middle managers, and a task force?

Of Mintzberg's five structures, which one is characterized as having the most basic structure consisting of top management, few middle managers, and a task force?

Answer: Simple structure

Which of the following is NOT one of Mintzberg's five structures?

Which of the following is NOT one of Mintzberg's five structures?

Answer: Functional bureaucracy

Which of the following is NOT a key argument of Henry Mintzberg?

Which of the following is NOT a key argument of Henry Mintzberg?

Answer: For each and every organizational action, there is an equal and opposite environmental reaction

Which famous management academic argued that there are five natural' configurations that fit the different tasks organizations have to accomplish.

Which famous management academic argued that there are five natural' configurations that fit the different tasks organizations have to accomplish.

Answer: Henry Mintzberg

What surprising results did Blau (2002) discover when investigating the relationship between organizational size and differentiation (meaning the number of organizational levels in hierarchy, number of departments, and number of job titles)?

What surprising results did Blau (2002) discover when investigating the relationship between organizational size and differentiation (meaning the number of organizational levels in hierarchy, number of departments, and number of job titles)?

Answer: He found that administrative overheads are lower in larger organizations when managers have greater span of control

For the Aston researchers, which was the critical contingency in organization structure and design?

For the Aston researchers, which was the critical contingency in organization structure and design?

Answer: Size

The Aston researchers identified five variables drawn from Max Weber's initial list of fifteen: __________ refers to the extent to which the organization uses manuals of organizational procedures.

The Aston researchers identified five variables drawn from Max Weber's initial list of fifteen: __________ refers to the extent to which the organization uses manuals of organizational procedures.

Answer: Standardization

The Aston researchers identified five variables drawn from Max Weber's initial list of fifteen: __________ refers to the extent to which the organization had lots of job descriptions and designs.

The Aston researchers identified five variables drawn from Max Weber's initial list of fifteen: __________ refers to the extent to which the organization had lots of job descriptions and designs.

Answer: Specialization

The Aston researchers identified five variables drawn from Max Weber's initial list of fifteen: __________ refers to the extent to which the organization's range of actions and procedures are covered by formal policies and agreements.

The Aston researchers identified five variables drawn from Max Weber's initial list of fifteen: __________ refers to the extent to which the organization's range of actions and procedures are covered by formal policies and agreements.

Answer: Formalization

The Aston researchers identified five variables drawn from Max Weber's initial list of fifteen: __________ refers to the extent to which the organization ensures that decision-making is referred to the apex of the organization, or distributed across lower levels.

The Aston researchers identified five variables drawn from Max Weber's initial list of fifteen: __________ refers to the extent to which the organization ensures that decision-making is referred to the apex of the organization, or distributed across lower levels.

Answer: Centralization

The Aston researchers identified five variables drawn from Max Weber's initial list of fifteen. Which of the following is NOT one of the five?

The Aston researchers identified five variables drawn from Max Weber's initial list of fifteen. Which of the following is NOT one of the five?

Answer: Disciplinization

Which statistical method used for research into personality was adopted, and applied to organizations, by the Aston researchers?

Which statistical method used for research into personality was adopted, and applied to organizations, by the Aston researchers?

Answer: Factor analysis

Joan Woodward classified contingent technologies into three categories. What term did she use to categorize technology in organizations where production is usually on a continuous 24/7 basis and concentration is on meeting standards and specifications?

Joan Woodward classified contingent technologies into three categories. What term did she use to categorize technology in organizations where production is usually on a continuous 24/7 basis and concentration is on meeting standards and specifications?

Answer: Process Production

Joan Woodward classified contingent technologies into three categories. What term did she use to categorize technology in organizations where production involved fewer customers but larger production runs?

Joan Woodward classified contingent technologies into three categories. What term did she use to categorize technology in organizations where production involved fewer customers but larger production runs?

Answer: Large Batch and Mass production

Joan Woodward classified contingent technologies into three categories. What term did she use to categorize technology in organizations where production involved tailored designs for different customers with small production runs?

Joan Woodward classified contingent technologies into three categories. What term did she use to categorize technology in organizations where production involved tailored designs for different customers with small production runs?

Answer: Small Batch and Unit production

An organic organizational design is typified by extensive levels of _______________.

An organic organizational design is typified by extensive levels of _______________.

Answer: Discretion

A mechanistic organizational design is typified by high levels of _______________.

A mechanistic organizational design is typified by high levels of _______________.

Answer: Standardization

According to Burns and Stalker, organizations that exist in stable, routine environments are more likely to have _____________.

According to Burns and Stalker, organizations that exist in stable, routine environments are more likely to have _____________.

Answer: Mechanistic, rigid and bureaucratic structures

According to Burns and Stalker, organizations that exist in dynamic, uncertain and unpredictable environments are more likely to have _____________.

According to Burns and Stalker, organizations that exist in dynamic, uncertain and unpredictable environments are more likely to have _____________.

Answer: Organic, loose, less bureaucratic structures

Who are the two Scottish researchers who argued organizations are variable structures which are primarily contingent upon their environment?

Who are the two Scottish researchers who argued organizations are variable structures which are primarily contingent upon their environment?

Answer: Burns and Stalker

An organization operating in an industry whose market environment is characterized by predictability, certainty and stability will tend towards bureaucracy. Such a prediction assumes organization design is contingent upon __________.

An organization operating in an industry whose market environment is characterized by predictability, certainty and stability will tend towards bureaucracy. Such a prediction assumes organization design is contingent upon __________.

Answer: Environment

An organization that adopts technologies that routinize and standardize processes will tend towards bureaucracy. Such a prediction assumes organization design is contingent upon __________.

An organization that adopts technologies that routinize and standardize processes will tend towards bureaucracy. Such a prediction assumes organization design is contingent upon __________.

Answer: Technology

As organizations grow, they will tend towards bureaucracy. Such a prediction assumes organization design is contingent upon ______.

As organizations grow, they will tend towards bureaucracy. Such a prediction assumes organization design is contingent upon ______.

Answer: Size

In management and organization theory what is the term for something which managers cannot avoid?

In management and organization theory what is the term for something which managers cannot avoid?

Answer: Contingencies

Which of the following is NOT central to the concept of structural functionalism?

Which of the following is NOT central to the concept of structural functionalism?

Answer: Organizations with no structure at all are most likely to survive in environments of uncertainty, ambiguity and complexity because they can best adapt to change.

Contingency theory asserts that the mechanisms that regulate organizations are the result of the interactive effect between the structure and function of the organization. What is the term commonly used for this approach?

Contingency theory asserts that the mechanisms that regulate organizations are the result of the interactive effect between the structure and function of the organization. What is the term commonly used for this approach?

Answer: Structural functionalism

What, according to your textbook, is one of the great strengths of positivism?

What, according to your textbook, is one of the great strengths of positivism?

Answer: It does not allow any theory to attain a status of self-evident truth - it is always possible the theory may be disproved in the future.

The belief in causality, which suggests that some variables will affect other variables in specific and predictable ways, and that we should objectively identify and measure those variables in organization which have such relationships, is a hallmark of _______________?

The belief in causality, which suggests that some variables will affect other variables in specific and predictable ways, and that we should objectively identify and measure those variables in organization which have such relationships, is a hallmark of _______________?

Answer: Contingency theory

The model of science that underpins contingency theory is _______________?

The model of science that underpins contingency theory is _______________?

Answer: Positivism

Which one of the following is not a key word in the 'open systems' conception of organizations?

Which one of the following is not a key word in the 'open systems' conception of organizations?

Answer: Intakes

The 'open systems' approach conceives of organizations as taking _______ from their environment, ____________ them and sending __________ to their environments.

The 'open systems' approach conceives of organizations as taking _______ from their environment, ____________ them and sending __________ to their environments.

Answer: Inputs/Transforming/Outputs

Which of the following is NOT a process of design thinking:

Which of the following is NOT a process of design thinking:

Answer: Initiation

According to Hassard (2009) restructuring, financialization, downsizing, de-layering, and removal of employee entitlements are all examples of __________________.

According to Hassard (2009) restructuring, financialization, downsizing, de-layering, and removal of employee entitlements are all examples of __________________.

Answer: Rationalized rules

Rationalized and impersonal rules that bind different organizations through belief in their legitimacy are known as ________________.

Rationalized and impersonal rules that bind different organizations through belief in their legitimacy are known as ________________.

Answer: Rationalized rules

A rhizome is:

A rhizome is:

A virtual, organic form of organization

Networks are:

Networks are:

A collaboration between different people or agencies

A virtual organization is:

A virtual organization is:

Answer: Distributed and loosely defined

which of the following is not a characteristic of responsible autonomy?

which of the following is not a characteristic of responsible autonomy?

Answer: Relatively autonomous roles responsible to rules

What is a heterarchy?

What is a heterarchy?

Answer: A form of shared power

Which of the following is not an example of a new organizational form?

Which of the following is not an example of a new organizational form?

Answer: Virgin

Matrix organizations are:

Matrix organizations are:

Answer: zA mixed organizational form in which traditional vertical hierarchy is overlaid by a horizontal structure consisting of projects, products, and business subsidiaries or geographical areas.

M- form organizations are:

M- form organizations are:

Answer: Models that are defined by being antithetical to bureaucracy

Networks, Cellular models, Federal approaches, Creative compartments, Postmodern models, Flexible, Virtual, and Individualized corporations are all examples of ____________.

Networks, Cellular models, Federal approaches, Creative compartments, Postmodern models, Flexible, Virtual, and Individualized corporations are all examples of ____________.

Answer: New organizational forms

As occurred with the classic bureaucracy, the multi-divisional form (or M-form) came under increased pressure. Which of the following pressures is NOT one identified by Pettigrew et al. (2002)?

As occurred with the classic bureaucracy, the multi-divisional form (or M-form) came under increased pressure. Which of the following pressures is NOT one identified by Pettigrew et al. (2002)?

Answer: A return to classical bureaucratic form of organizing

What was a major difference between the classic bureaucracy and the emergent multi-divisional form (MDF)?

What was a major difference between the classic bureaucracy and the emergent multi-divisional form (MDF)?

Answer: Rules became outcomes oriented rather than process oriented

In your textbook, what is the multi-divisional form of organization also referred to as?

In your textbook, what is the multi-divisional form of organization also referred to as?

Answer: The Hub and Spokes Model

By the 1930s, classic bureaucracy was waning in the leading edge companies and a new organizational form developed. This new organizational form was called ____________.

By the 1930s, classic bureaucracy was waning in the leading edge companies and a new organizational form developed. This new organizational form was called ____________.

Answer: Multi-divisional form

According to your textbook, new organizational forms are:

According to your textbook, new organizational forms are:

Answer: Models that are defined by being antithetical to bureaucracy

According to your text book, why would it be erroneous to project organizational assumptions - such as structure and hierarchy etc - on Linux?

According to your text book, why would it be erroneous to project organizational assumptions - such as structure and hierarchy etc - on Linux?

Answer: Linux is an emergent product of loosely coupled networks rather than an organization

What does the concept of SARFIT - Structural Adjustment to Regain Fit - mean?

What does the concept of SARFIT - Structural Adjustment to Regain Fit - mean?

Answer: All organizations would sometimes slip out of alignment with the contingencies they must deal with and so must undergo structural change

Who is the famous contingency theorist that developed the concept of SARFIT - Structural Adjustment to Regain Fit?

Who is the famous contingency theorist that developed the concept of SARFIT - Structural Adjustment to Regain Fit?

Answer: Lex Donaldson

In contingency theory what does the anagram SARFIT represent?

In contingency theory what does the anagram SARFIT represent?

Answer: Structural Adjustment to Regain Fit

John Child's (2002) concept of strategic choice argues that ___________________.

John Child's (2002) concept of strategic choice argues that ___________________.

Answer: Managers in positions of control configure the organization's structure through their choice of markets, technologies etc

The concept of strategic choice - meaning managers in positions of control make strategic decisions which effect the configuration of the organization - was developed by ____________.

The concept of strategic choice - meaning managers in positions of control make strategic decisions which effect the configuration of the organization - was developed by ____________.

Answer: John Child

What does Howard Aldrich (2002) argue about size as a contingency of organizational structure?

What does Howard Aldrich (2002) argue about size as a contingency of organizational structure?

Answer: Size is an effect of structure, rather than a cause of structure

Of Mintzberg's five structures, which one is characterized by interrelated project teams normally constituted of experts who share power and decision-making?

Of Mintzberg's five structures, which one is characterized by interrelated project teams normally constituted of experts who share power and decision-making?

Answer: Adhocracy

Of Mintzberg's five structures, which one is characterized by the use of autonomous divisions comprised of experts that take responsibility for producing specialized products for its market?

Of Mintzberg's five structures, which one is characterized by the use of autonomous divisions comprised of experts that take responsibility for producing specialized products for its market?

Answer: Divisionalized form

Of Mintzberg's five structures, which is characterized by standardized skills rather than processes, flatter hierarchies, and usually large numbers of support staff?

Of Mintzberg's five structures, which is characterized by standardized skills rather than processes, flatter hierarchies, and usually large numbers of support staff?

Answer: Professional bureaucracy

Of Mintzberg's five structures, which one is characterized as having the most basic structure consisting of top management, few middle managers, and a task force?

Of Mintzberg's five structures, which one is characterized as having the most basic structure consisting of top management, few middle managers, and a task force?

Answer: Simple structure

Which of the following is NOT one of Mintzberg's five structures?

Which of the following is NOT one of Mintzberg's five structures?

Answer: Functional bureaucracy

Which of the following is NOT a key argument of Henry Mintzberg?

Which of the following is NOT a key argument of Henry Mintzberg?

Answer: For each and every organizational action, there is an equal and opposite environmental reaction

Which famous management academic argued that there are five natural' configurations that fit the different tasks organizations have to accomplish.

Which famous management academic argued that there are five natural' configurations that fit the different tasks organizations have to accomplish.

Answer: Henry Mintzberg

What surprising results did Blau (2002) discover when investigating the relationship between organizational size and differentiation (meaning the number of organizational levels in hierarchy, number of departments, and number of job titles)?

What surprising results did Blau (2002) discover when investigating the relationship between organizational size and differentiation (meaning the number of organizational levels in hierarchy, number of departments, and number of job titles)?

Answer: He found that administrative overheads are lower in larger organizations when managers have greater span of control

For the Aston researchers, which was the critical contingency in organization structure and design?

For the Aston researchers, which was the critical contingency in organization structure and design?

Answer: Size

The Aston researchers identified five variables drawn from Max Weber's initial list of fifteen: __________ refers to the extent to which the organization uses manuals of organizational procedures.

The Aston researchers identified five variables drawn from Max Weber's initial list of fifteen: __________ refers to the extent to which the organization uses manuals of organizational procedures.

Answer: Standardization

The Aston researchers identified five variables drawn from Max Weber's initial list of fifteen: __________ refers to the extent to which the organization had lots of job descriptions and designs.

The Aston researchers identified five variables drawn from Max Weber's initial list of fifteen: __________ refers to the extent to which the organization had lots of job descriptions and designs.

Answer: Specialization

The Aston researchers identified five variables drawn from Max Weber's initial list of fifteen: __________ refers to the extent to which the organization's range of actions and procedures are covered by formal policies and agreements.

The Aston researchers identified five variables drawn from Max Weber's initial list of fifteen: __________ refers to the extent to which the organization's range of actions and procedures are covered by formal policies and agreements.

Answer: Formalization

The Aston researchers identified five variables drawn from Max Weber's initial list of fifteen: __________ refers to the extent to which the organization ensures that decision-making is referred to the apex of the organization, or distributed across lower levels.

The Aston researchers identified five variables drawn from Max Weber's initial list of fifteen: __________ refers to the extent to which the organization ensures that decision-making is referred to the apex of the organization, or distributed across lower levels.

Answer: Centralization

The Aston researchers identified five variables drawn from Max Weber's initial list of fifteen. Which of the following is NOT one of the five?

The Aston researchers identified five variables drawn from Max Weber's initial list of fifteen. Which of the following is NOT one of the five?

Answer: Disciplinization

Which statistical method used for research into personality was adopted, and applied to organizations, by the Aston researchers?

Which statistical method used for research into personality was adopted, and applied to organizations, by the Aston researchers?

Answer: Factor analysis

Joan Woodward classified contingent technologies into three categories. What term did she use to categorize technology in organizations where production is usually on a continuous 24/7 basis and concentration is on meeting standards and specifications?

Joan Woodward classified contingent technologies into three categories. What term did she use to categorize technology in organizations where production is usually on a continuous 24/7 basis and concentration is on meeting standards and specifications?

Answer: Process Production

Joan Woodward classified contingent technologies into three categories. What term did she use to categorize technology in organizations where production involved fewer customers but larger production runs?

Joan Woodward classified contingent technologies into three categories. What term did she use to categorize technology in organizations where production involved fewer customers but larger production runs?

Answer: Large Batch and Mass production

Joan Woodward classified contingent technologies into three categories. What term did she use to categorize technology in organizations where production involved tailored designs for different customers with small production runs?

Joan Woodward classified contingent technologies into three categories. What term did she use to categorize technology in organizations where production involved tailored designs for different customers with small production runs?

Answer: Small Batch and Unit production

An organic organizational design is typified by extensive levels of _______________.

An organic organizational design is typified by extensive levels of _______________.

Answer: Discretion

A mechanistic organizational design is typified by high levels of _______________.

A mechanistic organizational design is typified by high levels of _______________.

Answer: Standardization

According to Burns and Stalker, organizations that exist in stable, routine environments are more likely to have _____________.

According to Burns and Stalker, organizations that exist in stable, routine environments are more likely to have _____________.

Answer: Mechanistic, rigid and bureaucratic structures

According to Burns and Stalker, organizations that exist in dynamic, uncertain and unpredictable environments are more likely to have _____________.

According to Burns and Stalker, organizations that exist in dynamic, uncertain and unpredictable environments are more likely to have _____________.

Answer: Organic, loose, less bureaucratic structures

Who are the two Scottish researchers who argued organizations are variable structures which are primarily contingent upon their environment?

Who are the two Scottish researchers who argued organizations are variable structures which are primarily contingent upon their environment?

Answer: Burns and Stalker

An organization operating in an industry whose market environment is characterized by predictability, certainty and stability will tend towards bureaucracy. Such a prediction assumes organization design is contingent upon __________.

An organization operating in an industry whose market environment is characterized by predictability, certainty and stability will tend towards bureaucracy. Such a prediction assumes organization design is contingent upon __________.

Answer: Environment

An organization that adopts technologies that routinize and standardize processes will tend towards bureaucracy. Such a prediction assumes organization design is contingent upon __________.

An organization that adopts technologies that routinize and standardize processes will tend towards bureaucracy. Such a prediction assumes organization design is contingent upon __________.

Answer: Technology

As organizations grow, they will tend towards bureaucracy. Such a prediction assumes organization design is contingent upon ______.

As organizations grow, they will tend towards bureaucracy. Such a prediction assumes organization design is contingent upon ______.

Answer: Size

In management and organization theory what is the term for something which managers cannot avoid?

In management and organization theory what is the term for something which managers cannot avoid?

Answer: Contingencies

Which of the following is NOT central to the concept of structural functionalism?

Which of the following is NOT central to the concept of structural functionalism?

Answer: Organizations with no structure at all are most likely to survive in environments of uncertainty, ambiguity and complexity because they can best adapt to change

Contingency theory asserts that the mechanisms that regulate organizations are the result of the interactive effect between the structure and function of the organization. What is the term commonly used for this approach?

Contingency theory asserts that the mechanisms that regulate organizations are the result of the interactive effect between the structure and function of the organization. What is the term commonly used for this approach?

Answer: Structural functionalism

What, according to your textbook, is one of the great strengths of positivism?

What, according to your textbook, is one of the great strengths of positivism?

Answer: It does not allow any theory to attain a status of self-evident truth - it is always possible the theory may be disproved in the future

The belief in causality, which suggests that some variables will affect other variables in specific and predictable ways, and that we should objectively identify and measure those variables in organization which have such relationships, is a hallmark of _______________?

The belief in causality, which suggests that some variables will affect other variables in specific and predictable ways, and that we should objectively identify and measure those variables in organization which have such relationships, is a hallmark of _______________?

Answer: Contingency theory

The model of science that underpins contingency theory is _______________?

The model of science that underpins contingency theory is _______________?

Answer: Positivism

Which one of the following is not a key word in the 'open systems' conception of organizations?

Which one of the following is not a key word in the 'open systems' conception of organizations?

Answer: Intakes

The 'open systems' approach conceives of organizations as taking _______ from their environment, ____________ them and sending __________ to their environments.

The 'open systems' approach conceives of organizations as taking _______ from their environment, ____________ them and sending __________ to their environments.

Answer: Inputs/Transforming/Outputs

What happened to the development of quantitative analysis during World War II?

What happened to the development of quantitative analysis during World War II?

Frederick W. Taylor pioneered the principles of the scientific approach to management.

Many new scientific and quantitative techniques were created to assist military. These techniques were so successful that many companies follow suit in using them.