Which of the following is usually the most important consideration in decisions to initiate antiretroviral therapy?
a) HIV RNA
b) ELISA
c) Western blot assay
d) CD4 counts
Answer: CD4 counts
Chapter 37
- Which blood test confirms the presence of antibodies to HIV?
- The client comes to the clinic to obtain the results from the test to determine if he is infected with HIV. The physician informs the client that he has a CD4 cell count of 300 cells/mm3 and a high viral load. What does the nurse anticipate the physician will discuss with the client?
- Which of the following indicates that a client with HIV has developed AIDS?
- The balance between the amount of HIV in the body and the immune response is the:
- Which of the following options should the nurse encourage to replace fluid and electrolyte losses in a patient with AIDS?
- A nurse is caring for a client with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). To determine the effectiveness of treatment the nurse expects the physician to order:
- A client with AIDS is admitted to the hospital with severe diarrhea and dehydration. The physician suspects an infection with Cryptosporidium. What type of specimen should be collected to confirm this diagnosis?
- A client taking abacavir (ABC) has developed fever and rash. What is the priority nursing action?
- The nurse is administering an injection to a client with AIDS and, when finished, attempts to recap the needle and sustains a needlestick to the finger. What is the priority action by the nurse?
- A client with AIDS is exhibiting shortness of breath, cough, and fever. The nurse most likely would suspect infection with which of the following?
- A patient with HIV develops a nonproductive cough, shortness of breath, a fever of 101°F and an O2 saturation of 92%. What infection caused by Pneumocystis jiroveci does the nurse know could occur with this patient?
- A client visits the nurse complaining of diarrhea every time he eats. The client has AIDS and wants to know what he can do to stop having diarrhea. What should the nurse advise?
- A patient with AIDS informs the nurse of difficulty eating and swallowing, and shows the nurse white patches in the mouth. What problem related to AIDS does the nurse understand the patient has developed?
- The nurse teaches the patient that lowering his or her viral load will have what effect?
- A client with HIV will be started on a medication regimen of three medications. Which medication will be given that will interfere with the virus's ability to make a genetic blueprint. What drug will the nurse instruct the client about?
- A nurse is implementing appropriate infection control precautions for a client who is positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The nurse demonstrates a need for a review of transmission routes by identifying which body fluid as a means of transmission?
- When learning about HIV/AIDS, the student should be able to differentiate the two subtypes of virus by ____.
- Nursing students are reviewing information about the different manifestations associated with AIDS. The students demonstrate understanding of these manifestations when they identify which of the following as the most common HIV-related malignancy?
- A client with AIDS is brought to the clinic by his family. The family tells the nurse the client has become forgetful, with a limited attention span, decreased ability to concentrate, and delusional thinking. What condition is represented by these symptoms?
- A patient in the clinic states, "My boyfriend told me he went to the clinic and was treated for gonorrhea." While testing for the sexually transmitted infection (STI), what else should be done for this patient?
- A client is to have a hip replacement in 3 months and does not want a blood transfusion from random donors. What option can the nurse discuss with the client?
- A client with AIDS has been tested for cytomegalovirus (CMV) with positive titers. What severe complication should the nurse be alert for with cytomegalovirus?
- Diagnosis of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is made by which of the following?
- The nurse practitioner who is monitoring the patient's progression of HIV is aware that the most debilitating gastrointestinal condition found in up to 90% of all AIDS patients is: