1750 - 1900 CE Revolutionary | Practice Test | Review | Practice Questions | AP WH EXAM REVIEW | Advanced Placement World History | AP World History | WHAP | Multiple Choice Questions | 1750 - 1900 CE | AP World History Notes | Textbook | Exam | Study Guide | Syllabus | pdf | | Unit 5 | Period 5 | Exam Prep | Cracking the AP World History Exam | Free AP World History Practice Tests | AP Testing Options | 2016 AP Exams Online.
1. In the nineteenth century, women's use of bound feet (China), white face paint (Japan), and corsets (Western Europe) are examples of which of the following?
a) Practices that inhibit female activities
b) The beauty of middle-class women
c) Fashions that spread worldwide
d) The middle class' setting the fashion for women
2. "Extraterritoriality" can be best described as which of the following?
a) Exemption of foreigners from the laws of the country in which they live
b) expansion of a country's international borders to natural boundaries
c) extension of dual citizenship to immigrants
d) acquisition of new colonies or territories
3. Which of the following best explains why Japan was more successful than China in resisting imperialist encroachments in the nineteenth century?
a) Japan's manipulation of the rivalries among western governments
b) the introduction of democracy by the Meiji Restoration
c) willingness of Japan's elite to sponsor reform
d) lack of interest in Japanese markets
4. Which of the following facilitated European expansion in Asia in the nineteenth century?
a) popularity of democratic values among Asians
b) a general easing of tensions and cooperative expeditions among European powers
c) Europe's development of new military technologies
d) Asians' lack of resistance to European diseases
5. Which of the following describes the major impact of the introduction of coffee growing in places like Kenya and El Salvador after 1880?
a) the weakening of the European colonial military and landowning elite
b) access to cheaper food for Africans and Latin Americans
c) Increased control over the land by Africans and Latin Americans
d) Greater dependence on foreign markets by Africans and Latin Americans
6. Which of the following is an accurate description of relations between European states and the Ottoman Empire in the late 19th century?
a) The Ottomans were expanding at the expense of Russia, England and France
b) Russian, English, and French expansion came at the expense of the Ottomans
c) The Ottomans, in alliance with the Russians, English and French, sought to impede German unification
d) The Ottomans supported nationalism in the Balkans to destabilize Europe
7. Which of the following is true of both Russia and Japan by 1900?
a) Both were characterized by a high degree of ethnic homogeneity
b) Both had low rates of literacy
c) Marxism had become a strong influence among urban workers in both countries
d) State-sponsored industrialization had occurred in both countries
8. During the nineteenth century, Asian and African rulers usually desired transfer of which of the following western technologies?
a) Medicines
b) Weapons
c) Navigational instruments
d) Textile manufacturing equipment
9. In the nineteenth century, the Ottoman and Austro-Hungarian empires were two examples of:
a) Republican empires
b) Colonial empires
c) Multi-national empires
d) Nation-states
10. Which of the following was among the first results of the European Industrial Revolution in other parts of the world?
a) The beginning of the transatlantic slave trade
b) Increased demand for commodities such as cotton and palm oil
c) The search for oil in Africa, Asia, and Latin America
d) Construction of textile factories in Africa and Asia
11. In the nineteenth century, Latin America urban dwellers were most similar to western European urban dwellers in which of the following areas?
a) Literacy and cultural
b) Ethnic and racial composition
c) Export and import patterns
d) standards of living
12. Which of the following countries practiced indirect rule in governing its colonies in Africa?
a) Portugal
b) Germany
c) Great Britain
d) Belgium
13. Western European foreign policy in the late 1800s was characterized by:
a) Pan-Slavism, colonialism, and an arms race
b) Detente, colonialism, and an arms race
c) Imperialism, militarism, and deterrence
d) An arms race, imperialism, and a series of alliances
14. Which of the following reflected the living conditions of the Industrial Revolution?
a) Initial housing was quite comfortable for immigrants
b) crime was able to spread relatively unchecked in densely populated areas
c) factories closed in the winter time creating free time for factory laborers
d) health care prevented spread of disease in tenements
15. Which of the following was a social effect of the Industrial Revolution?
a) birth of the proletariat -- owners who control labor
b) middle class prevented from owning agriculture
c) man becomes part of machine instead of controlling machine
d) on the assembly line, independent thought encouraged
16. What was the first major trade to be fully power-driven and industrialized?
a) the canning of food
b) the textile industry
c) the production of rubber
d) the manufacture of glass
17. Which of the following was not an economic advantage enjoyed by Britain in the eighteenth century?
a) abundant and accessible coal deposits
b) local sources of raw cotton
c) abundant skilled and unskilled labor
d) sources of capital for investment
18. Improvements in transportation, such as the railroads and steamships, did NOT
a) lower transportation costs
b) link industrial centers with overseas resources
c) integrate new states such as Germany
d) complicate delivery of manufactured products to consumers
19. From the perspective of the worker, the factory system meant
a) better pay for skilled work
b) greater opportunities for advancement within a free market system
c) harsh discipline and close supervision
d) an opportunity to families to work together
20. From the perspective of the consumer, the factory system meant
a) cheaper manufactured goods
b) higher quality manufactured goods
c) fewer choices in manufactured goods
d) manufactured goods priced beyond the means of many consumers
21. The Enlightenment was the intellectual movement in which
a) the methods and questions of the Scientific Revolution were applied to human society
b) the methods and questions of the Confucian examination system were applied to society
c) the methods and ideology of the Protestant Reformation were applied to society
d) the ideas of the Renaissance were applied to society
22. Which of the following could be considered an expression of enlightened ideas about government?
a) the Stamp Act of 1708
b) the Declaration of Independence
c) the Committee of Public Safety
d) the Congress of Vienna
23. Which of the following was NOT one of the causes of the French Revolution of 1789?
a) a staggering national debt
b) accusation of treason against Louis XVI
c) the extravagance of Marie Antoinette and the court at Versailles
d) the opportunity presented by the summoning of the Estates General
24. Which of the following was NOT accomplished by the new French constitution?
a) It abolished the nobility as a hereditary class
b) It put peasants in control of the government
c) It dramatically limited the power of the monarchy
d) It made priests elected officials on state payrolls
25. Napoleon became Europe's first popular dictator because he
a) threatened to overpower the French people
b) was needed since France was occupied by foreign armies
c) held the promise of a new French empire
d) promised order to an exhausted society
26. Who was Francois Toussaint L'Ouverture?
a) the leader of a slave revolt in Saint Domingue
b) the Caribbean delegate to the French Revolutionary council
c) the great impressionist painter of the French Revolution
d) the French General who crushed the slave revolt in Saint Domingue
27. In leading the revolutions of South America, Simon Bolivar advocated
a) that Spanish colonial rule be replaced with an indigenous monarchy
b) that ethnic nationalism be the basis of the new states
c) popular sovereignty
d) the abolition of slavery and full male suffrage
28. Revolutions in Latin America were frequently a power struggle between what two groups?
a) masters and slaves
b) peninsulares and creoles
c) European and indigenous peoples
d) Europeans and mestizos
29. In Latin America, leaders who were called caudillos
a) were those most sympathetic to the old regimes
b) ruled without the cooperation of the church
c) were military dictators who held power without constitutional sanction
d) were chosen by popular election
30. During the nineteenth century, the majority of immigrants to the Western Hemisphere were from
a) Asia
b) Africa
c) Europe
d) Australia
31. A political conservative in the nineteenth century would be likely to advocate all of the following except
a) the restoration of the French monarchy after the defeat of Napoleon
b) universal suffrage
c) censorship as reasonable means of preventing social unrest
d) government support of the established church
32. A political liberal in the nineteenth century would be likely to advocate all of the following except
a) returning freed slaves to Africa
b) the confiscation of church property by the state
c) granting suffrage to all men of property by the state
d) written constitutions and representative government.
33. In response to socialist demands for social and economic reform, most governments did all of the following except
a) authorize trade unions
b) support business and prosecute strikers
c) pass laws restricting child labor
d) extend the vote to the working class
34. In their critique of industrial capitalism, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels claimed that
a) the trade union movement would force industry to accept social reforms
b) the bourgeois class needed to exercise responsibility toward their workers
c) democracy had failed because most workers did not understand their true interests; a dictatorship would serve them better
d) only a workers' revolution would change the abuses of capitalism and create a just and equal society
35. Population in Europe during the 19th century
a) remained steady until the 1830s and then began to decrease steadily
b) was notable for rapid overall growth and a far more rapid increase in city populations
c) was dramatically reduced when the Great Famine killed 25% of the Russian, Irish and Prussian populations
d) decreased as peasants, reassured by failing death rates, reduced the rural birth rate by over 60% due to their adoption of birth control
36. Adam Smith's concept of capitalism presented in The Wealth of Nations included the idea that
a) monopoly was a natural and a positive outcome of capitalist activity
b) economic decisions on price, supply, and demand should be made by the free market rather than by government decision
c) although economic competition was good, the government had to intervene from time to time to protect the interests of society
d) although economic competition was good, the education system had to teach moral concepts to students to cushion the impacts of competition on society
37. What invention revolutionized communication during the industrial revolution?
a) phonograph
b) electric telegraph
c) battery
d) telephone
38. The 2nd Agricultural Revolution was a change in farming methods and crops that resulted in
a) rich farmers sharing agricultural techniques with poor farmers
b) rich farmers refusing to plant on their lands, thereby causing a famine
c) rich farmers "enclosing" their lands and poor farmers becoming landless
d) an increase in the "two field method"
39. Which of the following is not true of urban poor neighborhoods?
a) They were often filled with overcrowded tenements
b) There was an atmosphere of filth, pollution, and sewage
c) There was danger of typhus, smallpox, dysentery, and tuberculosis was very high
d) Most poor urbanities lived in factory owned apartment buildings
40. Women typically earned
a) as much as men
b) one third to one half as much as men
c) ten percent of what men made
d) twice as much as men
41. Much of the industrial workforce was composed of child labor. Children workers
a) were educated the company's expense as mandated by law
b) worked fourteen to sixteen hours a day and were beaten to stay awake
c) preferred work to attending school
d) were only permitted by law to work half a day
42. The cotton boom enriched planters as well as manufacturers and
a) lowered the demand for wool
b) lowered the demand for silk
c) made many sharecroppers rich
d) created a high demand for slaves
43. India had dominated the world's cotton textile manufacturing for centuries, but when England imported cheap textiles into India,
a) England's textile industry collapsed
b) English workers noted due to perceived Indian favoritism
c) Indian textile workers lost their jobs
d) Indian textile industry "boomed"
44. Which ideology questioned the sanctity of private property?
a) capitalism
b) socialism
c) mercantilism
d) liberalism
45. Bismarck's plan to unite most German-speaking people into a single state was centered on using
a) liberalism and language
b) industry and nationalism
c) religion and conservatism
d) democracy and liberalism
46. Leaders of Meiji Japan planned to remain free from Western imperialism by
a) negotiating with Western diplomats
b) restricting Western access to Japan
c) keeping out all foreign influences
d) becoming a world-class industrial power
47. The Meiji transformed the government and incorporated
a) European practices in government, education, industry, and popular culture
b) Chinese practices in government, education, industry, and popular culture
c) Korean practices in government education, industry, and popular culture
d) Russian practices in government, education, industry, and popular culture
48. A group of reformers who created societies that would create happiness through thoughtful planning and regulation were
a) utopian socialists
b) Marxists
c) Communists
d) women suffragists
49. Which of the following best summarizes the reform movements of the Industrial Revolution?
a) capitalism should not be checked by government intervention
b) parliaments started passing laws, child labor and worsening working conditions
c) factory owners always made changes because they realized a happy, healthy, well-paid workforce could be more positive
d) the number of people with influence -- aristocracy and middle class -- increased pressuring the government to act on behalf of the workers
50. In China, a "sphere of influence" was
a) a city designated for trade between Chinese and European merchants
b) a Christian mission where Chinese converts could live free of state persecution
c) a district in which a foreign power had exclusive trade, transportation, and mineral rights
d) a tributary state beyond the borders of the empire that paid taxes to the Qing dynasty in exchange for protection
51. At the end of the nineteenth century, the Ottoman Empire, Russian Empire, Qing Dynasty, and Tokugawa Japan were "societies at crossroads" because
a) they were all dealing with challenges
b) they discovered through wars and confrontations that they were militarily much weaker than the western powers
c) they were all forced to grant equal rights and political freedom to their people
d) there were all competing for the same colonies and resources
52. Which of the following was not an economic motivation for imperialism?
a) Cheap raw materials from overseas colonies were needed to sustain industrialization
b) Overseas colonies offered markets for manufactured goods
c) Overseas colonies offered a haven for the settlement of surplus populations
d) European and American industry needed more sources of coal
53. The "white man's burden" proposed by Rudyard Kipling refers to
a) the cost of creating and supporting an empire
b) the moral duty of the west to work to "civilize" the rest of the world
c) the cost of abolishing slavery in Africa
d) the need for Christian missionaries to undermine Islam in Africa and Asia
54. The Berlin Conference in 1994-1885 established
a) the procedures for purchasing African lands from local rulers
b) the rules of military engagement for European forces overseas
c) that the Americas were off-limits for further European colonization
d) that, if a European power indicated as intention to colonize and then proceeded to occupy an African territory, it could claim that colony
55. A rising non-western nation that avoided colonial subjugation by pursuing a concerted strategy of political and economic reform was
a) Liberia
b) Ethiopia
c) Afghanistan
d) Japan
56. Which of the following was not a negative effect of imperialism in Africa?
a) arbitrary borders created by European powers would be the cause of many of the 20th century conflicts in Europe
b) natural resources leave region benefitting Europe
c) slave trade countries on West Coast but is discontinued on the Swahili Coast
d) fostered pattern of violence to obtain political control
57. Which of the following was not a cause of imperialism and colonialism?
a) belief in racial superiority of the Europeans
b) decreasing populations forced European nations to seek outside labor
c) new weaponry gave Europe a military advantage
d) medical advances allowed Europeans to enter continents without fear of malaria and yellow fever
58. Why was the Indian uprising of 1857 a turning point in the history of India?
a) The British were finally rebuffed and withdrew from India
b) The sepoys successfully pushed the British out of Bengal
c) India came to be ruled directly by the British government
d) It inspired the development of new weapons that did not require gunpowder
59. The former British North America colonies and Australia were similar in that
a) they both used violent revolution to remove British control
b) they utilized existing local systems of control
c) British colonists displaced indigenous peoples in both places
d) they both settled at about the same time
60. During the Crimean War, Russia
a) exploited the weakness of the Ottoman Empire
b) claimed to protect Jews in the Ottoman Empire
c) seized territories in East Asia
d) defeated the Ottoman Empire once and for all
61. The British frustration by the enormous trade deficit with China led to
a) British export of opium
b) repeated interventions by the Royal Navy
c) the British overthrow of the Qing government
d) a temporary end of trade between the two countries
62. Which of the following European developments is most closely associated with the revolution in Haiti
a) The Protestant Reformation
b) the Russian Revolution
c) The French Revolution
d) The Industrial Revolution
63. "The yellow and white races which are to be found on the globe have been endowed by nature with intelligence and fighting capacity. They are fundamentally incapable of giving way to each other. Hence, glowering and poised for a fight, they have engaged in battle in the world of evolution, the great arena where strength and intelligence have dashed since earliest times, the great theater where for so long natural selection and progress have played out."
The quotation above by an early-twentieth century Chinese revolutionary illustrates the influence of
a) Social Darwinism
b) communism
c) National Socialism
d) anarchism
64. Which of the following was a widespread social consequence of industrialization in the 1800s?
a) A decline in the social status of women
b) An increase in the power and prestige of the landowning aristocracy
c) The general leveling of social hierarchies based on wealth
d) The creation of a wage-earning working class concentrated in urban areas
65. Which of the following best describes how nineteenth-century European industrialization affected European women's lives?
a) By The end of the century, new social welfare legislation made it possible for most women to earn university degrees
b) Married women found it increasingly difficult to balance wage work and family responsibilities
c) By the end of the century, women gained the right to vote in most European countries
d) Women came to dominate the agricultural workforce as men moved to cities to take industrial jobs
66. The North and South American independence movements of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries shared which of the following?
a) Revolutionary demands based on Enlightenment political ideas
b) Reliance on Christian teachings to define revolutionary demands
c) Industrial economies that permitted both areas to break free of European control
d) Political instability caused by constant warfare among the new states
67. In contrast to initial industrialization, the Industrial Revolution in the last half of the nineteenth century was particularly associated with the mass production of which of the following?
a) Textiles, iron, and coal
b) Textiles, automobiles, plastics
c) Airplanes, ships, and radios
d) Electricity, steel, and chemicals
69. "Americans . . . who live within the Spanish system occupy a position in society as mere consumers. Yet even this status is surrounded with galling restrictions, such as being forbidden to grow European crops, or to store products that are royal monopolies, or to establish factories of a type of Peninsula itself does not posses. To this, add the exclusive trading privileges, even in articles of prime necessity. . . in short, do you wish to know what our future held?--simply the cultivation of the fields of indigo, grain, coffee, sugarcane, cacao, and cotton; cattle raising on the broad plains, hunting wild game in the jungles; digging in the earth to mine its gold." Simon Bolivar, "Jamaica Letter," 1815
Which of the following groups was Bolivar most trying to influence with this letter?
a) Mulatto shopkeepers
b) Plantation slaves
c) Amerindian miners
d) Creole elites
70. "Americans . . . who live within the Spanish system occupy a position in society as mere consumers. Yet even this status is surrounded with galling restrictions, such as being forbidden to grow European crops, or to store products that are royal monopolies, or to establish factories of a type of Peninsula itself does not posses. To this, add the exclusive trading privileges, even in articles of prime necessity. . . in short, do you wish to know what our future held?--simply the cultivation of the fields of indigo, grain, coffee, sugarcane, cacao, and cotton; cattle raising on the broad plains, hunting wild game in the jungles; digging in the earth to mine its gold." Simon Bolivar, "Jamaica Letter," 1815
Bolivar was describing the effects of which of the following economic policies?
a) Feudalism
b) Mercantilism
c) Socialism
d) Capitalism
71. The African proverb, "Until the lions have their historians, tales of hunting will always glorify the hunter," conveys which of the following?
A) Common people need to learn how to write so they can tell their story.
b) Hunting is a sport that brings glory only to the hunter.
c) The concept of history is much different in Africa than in Europe or the United States
d) History usually reflects the viewpoint of the victors.
72. Most historians would agree that the key to European predominance in the world economy during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries was
a) the Industrial Revolution
b) European medical technology
c) Spanish control of the New World silver
d) the Enlightenment
73. The United States Declaration of Independence and the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen reflect a shared concern for
a) physical elimination of the ruling class
b) confiscation of church property
c) protection of private property
d) preservation of the monarchy
74. A historian researching the effects of Christian missionaries' activities on local social structures in late-nineteenth-century Africa would probably find which of the following sources most useful?
a) Africa accounts of converting to Christianity
b) Fundraising speeches given in Europe by supporters of missionary efforts
c) Data on the number of missionaries going to Africa
d) Recruitment advertisements for missionaries in church newsletters in Europe
75. "In the past, at the end of the Han, Tang, Yuan, and Mind dynasties, bands of rebels were innumerable, all because of foolish rulers and misgovernment, so that none of these rebellions could be stamped out. But today [the emperor] is deeply concerned and examines his character in order to reform himself, worships Heaven, and is sympathetic to the people. He has not increased the land tax, nor has he conscripted soldiers from households. . . . It does not require any great wisdom to see that sooner or later the [Taiping] bandits will all be destroyed."
Zeng Guofan, Qing dynasty official, proclamation against the Taiping rebels, 1854
Zeng Guofan's analysis of the situation in China in 1854 was likely influenced by which of the following?
a) The Daoist notion of being in harmony with nature
b) The absolutist notion of the divine right of kings
c) The Buddhist notion of avoiding violence against any living thing
d) The Confucian notion of the dynastic cycle
76. "In the past, at the end of the Han, Tang, Yuan, and Mind dynasties, bands of rebels were innumerable, all because of foolish rulers and misgovernment, so that none of these rebellions could be stamped out. But today [the emperor] is deeply concerned and examines his character in order to reform himself, worships Heaven, and is sympathetic to the people. He has not increased the land tax, nor has he conscripted soldiers from households. . . . It does not require any great wisdom to see that sooner or later the [Taiping] bandits will all be destroyed."
Zeng Guofan, Qing dynasty official, proclamation against the Taiping rebels, 1854
In the passage above, Zeng Guofan's purposing in listing the policies of the current Qing emperor is most likely to
a) demonstrate the similarity between the damage done by the Taiping rebellion to the Qing Empire and the damage done by earlier rebellions to other Chinese dynasties
b) mobilize popular support by showing that the Taiping rebellion does not represent a legitimate challenge to Qing rule
c) warn that the Qing policies of keeping taxes low and avoiding conscription might come to an end if the Taiping rebellion succeeds
d) argue that the emperor's personal piety and benevolent rule prove that he accepts the validity of the Taiping rebel's grievances.
1750 - 1900 CE Revolutionary | Practice Test | Review | Practice Questions | AP WH EXAM REVIEW | Advanced Placement World History | AP World History | WHAP | Multiple Choice Questions | 1750 - 1900 CE | AP World History Notes | Textbook | Exam | Study Guide | Syllabus | pdf | | Unit 5 | Period 5 | Exam Prep | Cracking the AP World History Exam | Free AP World History Practice Tests | AP Testing Options | 2016 AP Exams Online.
1. In the nineteenth century, women's use of bound feet (China), white face paint (Japan), and corsets (Western Europe) are examples of which of the following?
a) Practices that inhibit female activities
b) The beauty of middle-class women
c) Fashions that spread worldwide
d) The middle class' setting the fashion for women
2. "Extraterritoriality" can be best described as which of the following?
a) Exemption of foreigners from the laws of the country in which they live
b) expansion of a country's international borders to natural boundaries
c) extension of dual citizenship to immigrants
d) acquisition of new colonies or territories
3. Which of the following best explains why Japan was more successful than China in resisting imperialist encroachments in the nineteenth century?
a) Japan's manipulation of the rivalries among western governments
b) the introduction of democracy by the Meiji Restoration
c) willingness of Japan's elite to sponsor reform
d) lack of interest in Japanese markets
4. Which of the following facilitated European expansion in Asia in the nineteenth century?
a) popularity of democratic values among Asians
b) a general easing of tensions and cooperative expeditions among European powers
c) Europe's development of new military technologies
d) Asians' lack of resistance to European diseases
5. Which of the following describes the major impact of the introduction of coffee growing in places like Kenya and El Salvador after 1880?
a) the weakening of the European colonial military and landowning elite
b) access to cheaper food for Africans and Latin Americans
c) Increased control over the land by Africans and Latin Americans
d) Greater dependence on foreign markets by Africans and Latin Americans
6. Which of the following is an accurate description of relations between European states and the Ottoman Empire in the late 19th century?
a) The Ottomans were expanding at the expense of Russia, England and France
b) Russian, English, and French expansion came at the expense of the Ottomans
c) The Ottomans, in alliance with the Russians, English and French, sought to impede German unification
d) The Ottomans supported nationalism in the Balkans to destabilize Europe
7. Which of the following is true of both Russia and Japan by 1900?
a) Both were characterized by a high degree of ethnic homogeneity
b) Both had low rates of literacy
c) Marxism had become a strong influence among urban workers in both countries
d) State-sponsored industrialization had occurred in both countries
8. During the nineteenth century, Asian and African rulers usually desired transfer of which of the following western technologies?
a) Medicines
b) Weapons
c) Navigational instruments
d) Textile manufacturing equipment
9. In the nineteenth century, the Ottoman and Austro-Hungarian empires were two examples of:
a) Republican empires
b) Colonial empires
c) Multi-national empires
d) Nation-states
10. Which of the following was among the first results of the European Industrial Revolution in other parts of the world?
a) The beginning of the transatlantic slave trade
b) Increased demand for commodities such as cotton and palm oil
c) The search for oil in Africa, Asia, and Latin America
d) Construction of textile factories in Africa and Asia
11. In the nineteenth century, Latin America urban dwellers were most similar to western European urban dwellers in which of the following areas?
a) Literacy and cultural
b) Ethnic and racial composition
c) Export and import patterns
d) standards of living
12. Which of the following countries practiced indirect rule in governing its colonies in Africa?
a) Portugal
b) Germany
c) Great Britain
d) Belgium
13. Western European foreign policy in the late 1800s was characterized by:
a) Pan-Slavism, colonialism, and an arms race
b) Detente, colonialism, and an arms race
c) Imperialism, militarism, and deterrence
d) An arms race, imperialism, and a series of alliances
14. Which of the following reflected the living conditions of the Industrial Revolution?
a) Initial housing was quite comfortable for immigrants
b) crime was able to spread relatively unchecked in densely populated areas
c) factories closed in the winter time creating free time for factory laborers
d) health care prevented spread of disease in tenements
15. Which of the following was a social effect of the Industrial Revolution?
a) birth of the proletariat -- owners who control labor
b) middle class prevented from owning agriculture
c) man becomes part of machine instead of controlling machine
d) on the assembly line, independent thought encouraged
16. What was the first major trade to be fully power-driven and industrialized?
a) the canning of food
b) the textile industry
c) the production of rubber
d) the manufacture of glass
17. Which of the following was not an economic advantage enjoyed by Britain in the eighteenth century?
a) abundant and accessible coal deposits
b) local sources of raw cotton
c) abundant skilled and unskilled labor
d) sources of capital for investment
18. Improvements in transportation, such as the railroads and steamships, did NOT
a) lower transportation costs
b) link industrial centers with overseas resources
c) integrate new states such as Germany
d) complicate delivery of manufactured products to consumers
19. From the perspective of the worker, the factory system meant
a) better pay for skilled work
b) greater opportunities for advancement within a free market system
c) harsh discipline and close supervision
d) an opportunity to families to work together
20. From the perspective of the consumer, the factory system meant
a) cheaper manufactured goods
b) higher quality manufactured goods
c) fewer choices in manufactured goods
d) manufactured goods priced beyond the means of many consumers
21. The Enlightenment was the intellectual movement in which
a) the methods and questions of the Scientific Revolution were applied to human society
b) the methods and questions of the Confucian examination system were applied to society
c) the methods and ideology of the Protestant Reformation were applied to society
d) the ideas of the Renaissance were applied to society
22. Which of the following could be considered an expression of enlightened ideas about government?
a) the Stamp Act of 1708
b) the Declaration of Independence
c) the Committee of Public Safety
d) the Congress of Vienna
23. Which of the following was NOT one of the causes of the French Revolution of 1789?
a) a staggering national debt
b) accusation of treason against Louis XVI
c) the extravagance of Marie Antoinette and the court at Versailles
d) the opportunity presented by the summoning of the Estates General
24. Which of the following was NOT accomplished by the new French constitution?
a) It abolished the nobility as a hereditary class
b) It put peasants in control of the government
c) It dramatically limited the power of the monarchy
d) It made priests elected officials on state payrolls
25. Napoleon became Europe's first popular dictator because he
a) threatened to overpower the French people
b) was needed since France was occupied by foreign armies
c) held the promise of a new French empire
d) promised order to an exhausted society
26. Who was Francois Toussaint L'Ouverture?
a) the leader of a slave revolt in Saint Domingue
b) the Caribbean delegate to the French Revolutionary council
c) the great impressionist painter of the French Revolution
d) the French General who crushed the slave revolt in Saint Domingue
27. In leading the revolutions of South America, Simon Bolivar advocated
a) that Spanish colonial rule be replaced with an indigenous monarchy
b) that ethnic nationalism be the basis of the new states
c) popular sovereignty
d) the abolition of slavery and full male suffrage
28. Revolutions in Latin America were frequently a power struggle between what two groups?
a) masters and slaves
b) peninsulares and creoles
c) European and indigenous peoples
d) Europeans and mestizos
29. In Latin America, leaders who were called caudillos
a) were those most sympathetic to the old regimes
b) ruled without the cooperation of the church
c) were military dictators who held power without constitutional sanction
d) were chosen by popular election
30. During the nineteenth century, the majority of immigrants to the Western Hemisphere were from
a) Asia
b) Africa
c) Europe
d) Australia
31. A political conservative in the nineteenth century would be likely to advocate all of the following except
a) the restoration of the French monarchy after the defeat of Napoleon
b) universal suffrage
c) censorship as reasonable means of preventing social unrest
d) government support of the established church
32. A political liberal in the nineteenth century would be likely to advocate all of the following except
a) returning freed slaves to Africa
b) the confiscation of church property by the state
c) granting suffrage to all men of property by the state
d) written constitutions and representative government.
33. In response to socialist demands for social and economic reform, most governments did all of the following except
a) authorize trade unions
b) support business and prosecute strikers
c) pass laws restricting child labor
d) extend the vote to the working class
34. In their critique of industrial capitalism, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels claimed that
a) the trade union movement would force industry to accept social reforms
b) the bourgeois class needed to exercise responsibility toward their workers
c) democracy had failed because most workers did not understand their true interests; a dictatorship would serve them better
d) only a workers' revolution would change the abuses of capitalism and create a just and equal society
35. Population in Europe during the 19th century
a) remained steady until the 1830s and then began to decrease steadily
b) was notable for rapid overall growth and a far more rapid increase in city populations
c) was dramatically reduced when the Great Famine killed 25% of the Russian, Irish and Prussian populations
d) decreased as peasants, reassured by failing death rates, reduced the rural birth rate by over 60% due to their adoption of birth control
36. Adam Smith's concept of capitalism presented in The Wealth of Nations included the idea that
a) monopoly was a natural and a positive outcome of capitalist activity
b) economic decisions on price, supply, and demand should be made by the free market rather than by government decision
c) although economic competition was good, the government had to intervene from time to time to protect the interests of society
d) although economic competition was good, the education system had to teach moral concepts to students to cushion the impacts of competition on society
37. What invention revolutionized communication during the industrial revolution?
a) phonograph
b) electric telegraph
c) battery
d) telephone
38. The 2nd Agricultural Revolution was a change in farming methods and crops that resulted in
a) rich farmers sharing agricultural techniques with poor farmers
b) rich farmers refusing to plant on their lands, thereby causing a famine
c) rich farmers "enclosing" their lands and poor farmers becoming landless
d) an increase in the "two field method"
39. Which of the following is not true of urban poor neighborhoods?
a) They were often filled with overcrowded tenements
b) There was an atmosphere of filth, pollution, and sewage
c) There was danger of typhus, smallpox, dysentery, and tuberculosis was very high
d) Most poor urbanities lived in factory owned apartment buildings
40. Women typically earned
a) as much as men
b) one third to one half as much as men
c) ten percent of what men made
d) twice as much as men
41. Much of the industrial workforce was composed of child labor. Children workers
a) were educated the company's expense as mandated by law
b) worked fourteen to sixteen hours a day and were beaten to stay awake
c) preferred work to attending school
d) were only permitted by law to work half a day
42. The cotton boom enriched planters as well as manufacturers and
a) lowered the demand for wool
b) lowered the demand for silk
c) made many sharecroppers rich
d) created a high demand for slaves
43. India had dominated the world's cotton textile manufacturing for centuries, but when England imported cheap textiles into India,
a) England's textile industry collapsed
b) English workers noted due to perceived Indian favoritism
c) Indian textile workers lost their jobs
d) Indian textile industry "boomed"
44. Which ideology questioned the sanctity of private property?
a) capitalism
b) socialism
c) mercantilism
d) liberalism
45. Bismarck's plan to unite most German-speaking people into a single state was centered on using
a) liberalism and language
b) industry and nationalism
c) religion and conservatism
d) democracy and liberalism
46. Leaders of Meiji Japan planned to remain free from Western imperialism by
a) negotiating with Western diplomats
b) restricting Western access to Japan
c) keeping out all foreign influences
d) becoming a world-class industrial power
47. The Meiji transformed the government and incorporated
a) European practices in government, education, industry, and popular culture
b) Chinese practices in government, education, industry, and popular culture
c) Korean practices in government education, industry, and popular culture
d) Russian practices in government, education, industry, and popular culture
48. A group of reformers who created societies that would create happiness through thoughtful planning and regulation were
a) utopian socialists
b) Marxists
c) Communists
d) women suffragists
49. Which of the following best summarizes the reform movements of the Industrial Revolution?
a) capitalism should not be checked by government intervention
b) parliaments started passing laws, child labor and worsening working conditions
c) factory owners always made changes because they realized a happy, healthy, well-paid workforce could be more positive
d) the number of people with influence -- aristocracy and middle class -- increased pressuring the government to act on behalf of the workers
50. In China, a "sphere of influence" was
a) a city designated for trade between Chinese and European merchants
b) a Christian mission where Chinese converts could live free of state persecution
c) a district in which a foreign power had exclusive trade, transportation, and mineral rights
d) a tributary state beyond the borders of the empire that paid taxes to the Qing dynasty in exchange for protection
51. At the end of the nineteenth century, the Ottoman Empire, Russian Empire, Qing Dynasty, and Tokugawa Japan were "societies at crossroads" because
a) they were all dealing with challenges
b) they discovered through wars and confrontations that they were militarily much weaker than the western powers
c) they were all forced to grant equal rights and political freedom to their people
d) there were all competing for the same colonies and resources
52. Which of the following was not an economic motivation for imperialism?
a) Cheap raw materials from overseas colonies were needed to sustain industrialization
b) Overseas colonies offered markets for manufactured goods
c) Overseas colonies offered a haven for the settlement of surplus populations
d) European and American industry needed more sources of coal
53. The "white man's burden" proposed by Rudyard Kipling refers to
a) the cost of creating and supporting an empire
b) the moral duty of the west to work to "civilize" the rest of the world
c) the cost of abolishing slavery in Africa
d) the need for Christian missionaries to undermine Islam in Africa and Asia
54. The Berlin Conference in 1994-1885 established
a) the procedures for purchasing African lands from local rulers
b) the rules of military engagement for European forces overseas
c) that the Americas were off-limits for further European colonization
d) that, if a European power indicated as intention to colonize and then proceeded to occupy an African territory, it could claim that colony
55. A rising non-western nation that avoided colonial subjugation by pursuing a concerted strategy of political and economic reform was
a) Liberia
b) Ethiopia
c) Afghanistan
d) Japan
56. Which of the following was not a negative effect of imperialism in Africa?
a) arbitrary borders created by European powers would be the cause of many of the 20th century conflicts in Europe
b) natural resources leave region benefitting Europe
c) slave trade countries on West Coast but is discontinued on the Swahili Coast
d) fostered pattern of violence to obtain political control
57. Which of the following was not a cause of imperialism and colonialism?
a) belief in racial superiority of the Europeans
b) decreasing populations forced European nations to seek outside labor
c) new weaponry gave Europe a military advantage
d) medical advances allowed Europeans to enter continents without fear of malaria and yellow fever
58. Why was the Indian uprising of 1857 a turning point in the history of India?
a) The British were finally rebuffed and withdrew from India
b) The sepoys successfully pushed the British out of Bengal
c) India came to be ruled directly by the British government
d) It inspired the development of new weapons that did not require gunpowder
59. The former British North America colonies and Australia were similar in that
a) they both used violent revolution to remove British control
b) they utilized existing local systems of control
c) British colonists displaced indigenous peoples in both places
d) they both settled at about the same time
60. During the Crimean War, Russia
a) exploited the weakness of the Ottoman Empire
b) claimed to protect Jews in the Ottoman Empire
c) seized territories in East Asia
d) defeated the Ottoman Empire once and for all
61. The British frustration by the enormous trade deficit with China led to
a) British export of opium
b) repeated interventions by the Royal Navy
c) the British overthrow of the Qing government
d) a temporary end of trade between the two countries
62. Which of the following European developments is most closely associated with the revolution in Haiti
a) The Protestant Reformation
b) the Russian Revolution
c) The French Revolution
d) The Industrial Revolution
63. "The yellow and white races which are to be found on the globe have been endowed by nature with intelligence and fighting capacity. They are fundamentally incapable of giving way to each other. Hence, glowering and poised for a fight, they have engaged in battle in the world of evolution, the great arena where strength and intelligence have dashed since earliest times, the great theater where for so long natural selection and progress have played out."
The quotation above by an early-twentieth century Chinese revolutionary illustrates the influence of
a) Social Darwinism
b) communism
c) National Socialism
d) anarchism
64. Which of the following was a widespread social consequence of industrialization in the 1800s?
a) A decline in the social status of women
b) An increase in the power and prestige of the landowning aristocracy
c) The general leveling of social hierarchies based on wealth
d) The creation of a wage-earning working class concentrated in urban areas
65. Which of the following best describes how nineteenth-century European industrialization affected European women's lives?
a) By The end of the century, new social welfare legislation made it possible for most women to earn university degrees
b) Married women found it increasingly difficult to balance wage work and family responsibilities
c) By the end of the century, women gained the right to vote in most European countries
d) Women came to dominate the agricultural workforce as men moved to cities to take industrial jobs
66. The North and South American independence movements of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries shared which of the following?
a) Revolutionary demands based on Enlightenment political ideas
b) Reliance on Christian teachings to define revolutionary demands
c) Industrial economies that permitted both areas to break free of European control
d) Political instability caused by constant warfare among the new states
67. In contrast to initial industrialization, the Industrial Revolution in the last half of the nineteenth century was particularly associated with the mass production of which of the following?
a) Textiles, iron, and coal
b) Textiles, automobiles, plastics
c) Airplanes, ships, and radios
d) Electricity, steel, and chemicals
69. "Americans . . . who live within the Spanish system occupy a position in society as mere consumers. Yet even this status is surrounded with galling restrictions, such as being forbidden to grow European crops, or to store products that are royal monopolies, or to establish factories of a type of Peninsula itself does not posses. To this, add the exclusive trading privileges, even in articles of prime necessity. . . in short, do you wish to know what our future held?--simply the cultivation of the fields of indigo, grain, coffee, sugarcane, cacao, and cotton; cattle raising on the broad plains, hunting wild game in the jungles; digging in the earth to mine its gold." Simon Bolivar, "Jamaica Letter," 1815
Which of the following groups was Bolivar most trying to influence with this letter?
a) Mulatto shopkeepers
b) Plantation slaves
c) Amerindian miners
d) Creole elites
70. "Americans . . . who live within the Spanish system occupy a position in society as mere consumers. Yet even this status is surrounded with galling restrictions, such as being forbidden to grow European crops, or to store products that are royal monopolies, or to establish factories of a type of Peninsula itself does not posses. To this, add the exclusive trading privileges, even in articles of prime necessity. . . in short, do you wish to know what our future held?--simply the cultivation of the fields of indigo, grain, coffee, sugarcane, cacao, and cotton; cattle raising on the broad plains, hunting wild game in the jungles; digging in the earth to mine its gold." Simon Bolivar, "Jamaica Letter," 1815
Bolivar was describing the effects of which of the following economic policies?
a) Feudalism
b) Mercantilism
c) Socialism
d) Capitalism
71. The African proverb, "Until the lions have their historians, tales of hunting will always glorify the hunter," conveys which of the following?
A) Common people need to learn how to write so they can tell their story.
b) Hunting is a sport that brings glory only to the hunter.
c) The concept of history is much different in Africa than in Europe or the United States
d) History usually reflects the viewpoint of the victors.
72. Most historians would agree that the key to European predominance in the world economy during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries was
a) the Industrial Revolution
b) European medical technology
c) Spanish control of the New World silver
d) the Enlightenment
73. The United States Declaration of Independence and the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen reflect a shared concern for
a) physical elimination of the ruling class
b) confiscation of church property
c) protection of private property
d) preservation of the monarchy
74. A historian researching the effects of Christian missionaries' activities on local social structures in late-nineteenth-century Africa would probably find which of the following sources most useful?
a) Africa accounts of converting to Christianity
b) Fundraising speeches given in Europe by supporters of missionary efforts
c) Data on the number of missionaries going to Africa
d) Recruitment advertisements for missionaries in church newsletters in Europe
75. "In the past, at the end of the Han, Tang, Yuan, and Mind dynasties, bands of rebels were innumerable, all because of foolish rulers and misgovernment, so that none of these rebellions could be stamped out. But today [the emperor] is deeply concerned and examines his character in order to reform himself, worships Heaven, and is sympathetic to the people. He has not increased the land tax, nor has he conscripted soldiers from households. . . . It does not require any great wisdom to see that sooner or later the [Taiping] bandits will all be destroyed."
Zeng Guofan, Qing dynasty official, proclamation against the Taiping rebels, 1854
Zeng Guofan's analysis of the situation in China in 1854 was likely influenced by which of the following?
a) The Daoist notion of being in harmony with nature
b) The absolutist notion of the divine right of kings
c) The Buddhist notion of avoiding violence against any living thing
d) The Confucian notion of the dynastic cycle
76. "In the past, at the end of the Han, Tang, Yuan, and Mind dynasties, bands of rebels were innumerable, all because of foolish rulers and misgovernment, so that none of these rebellions could be stamped out. But today [the emperor] is deeply concerned and examines his character in order to reform himself, worships Heaven, and is sympathetic to the people. He has not increased the land tax, nor has he conscripted soldiers from households. . . . It does not require any great wisdom to see that sooner or later the [Taiping] bandits will all be destroyed."
Zeng Guofan, Qing dynasty official, proclamation against the Taiping rebels, 1854
In the passage above, Zeng Guofan's purposing in listing the policies of the current Qing emperor is most likely to
a) demonstrate the similarity between the damage done by the Taiping rebellion to the Qing Empire and the damage done by earlier rebellions to other Chinese dynasties
b) mobilize popular support by showing that the Taiping rebellion does not represent a legitimate challenge to Qing rule
c) warn that the Qing policies of keeping taxes low and avoiding conscription might come to an end if the Taiping rebellion succeeds
d) argue that the emperor's personal piety and benevolent rule prove that he accepts the validity of the Taiping rebel's grievances.
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Advanced Placement World History
1750 - 1900 CE Revolutionary