A dictionary definition would be an example of

A dictionary definition would be an example of A) an artificial concept. B) a natural concept. C) a core concept. D) an abstract concept. Answer:...

Which one of the sins of memory probably helps us avoid dangerous situations we have encountered before?

Which one of the sins of memory probably helps us avoid dangerous situations we have encountered before? A) suggestibility B) bias C) persistence D)...

Remembering names is usually harder than remembering faces because names require ______, while faces require ______.

Remembering names is usually harder than remembering faces because names require ______, while faces require ______. A) short-term memory/long-term...

Which part of long-term memory stores autobiographical information?

Which part of long-term memory stores autobiographical information? A) semantic memory B) procedural memory C) recognition memory D) episodic memory E)...

When you get a new cat, you will note her unique markings, so that you can remember what she looks like in comparison with other cats in the neighborhood. What would a cognitive psychologist call this process of identifying the distinctive features of your cat?

When you get a new cat, you will note her unique markings, so that you can remember what she looks like in comparison with other cats in the neighborhood....

As you study the vocabulary in this book, which method would result in the deepest level of processing?

As you study the vocabulary in this book, which method would result in the deepest level of processing? A) learning the definition given in the marginal...

An implicit memory may be activated by priming, and an explicit memory may be activated by a recognizable stimulus. In either case, a psychologist would say that these memories are being

An implicit memory may be activated by priming, and an explicit memory may be activated by a recognizable stimulus. In either case, a psychologist would...

Which kind of forgetting is involved when the sociology I studied yesterday makes it more difficult to learn and remember the psychology I am studying today?

Which kind of forgetting is involved when the sociology I studied yesterday makes it more difficult to learn and remember the psychology I am studying...

Which one of the following lists represents a concept hierarchy?

Which one of the following lists represents a concept hierarchy? A) cat, dog, giraffe, elephant B) animal, mammal, dog, cocker spaniel C) woman,...

A math problem calls for finding the area of a triangle. You know the formula, so you multiply 1/2 time the base times the height. You have used

A math problem calls for finding the area of a triangle. You know the formula, so you multiply 1/2 time the base times the height. You have used A)...

H.M.'s ______-memory was more profoundly affected by the surgery than his ______ memory.

H.M.'s ______-memory was more profoundly affected by the surgery than his ______ memory. A) episodic/procedural B) eidetic/sensory C) implicit/explicit D)...

Which of the following utterances illustrates overregularization in language development?

Which of the following utterances illustrates overregularization in language development? A) bababa B) Drink mild, all gone. C) Want cookie. D) Me...

Because you watch a lot of violent videos, you think your chances of being mugged are quite high. Your judgement is flawed by

Because you watch a lot of violent videos, you think your chances of being mugged are quite high. Your judgement is flawed by A) anchoring bias. B)...

Which of the following is not a characteristic that is consistently found among highly creative people?

Which of the following is not a characteristic that is consistently found among highly creative people? A) open-mindedness B) extremely high intelligence C)...

Noam Chomsky has presented evidence supporting his theory that

Noam Chomsky has presented evidence supporting his theory that A) children learn language by imitating their parents. B) children are born with some...

Which one of the seven "sins" of memory is disputed by those who believe that memories of childhood abuse can, in many cases, be recovered during adulthood?

Which one of the seven "sins" of memory is disputed by those who believe that memories of childhood abuse can, in many cases, be recovered during adulthood? A)...

Which one of the following statements best describes forgetting, as characterized by Ebbinghaus's forgetting curve?

Which one of the following statements best describes forgetting, as characterized by Ebbinghaus's forgetting curve? A) We forget at a constant rate. B)...

A person experience the TOT phenomenon is unable to ______ a specific word.

A person experience the TOT phenomenon is unable to ______ a specific word. A) store B) encode C) recall D) recognize Answer:...

In order to get material into permanent storage, it must be made meaningful while it is in

In order to get material into permanent storage, it must be made meaningful while it is in  A) working memory. B) sensory memory. C) long-term...

Which of the following are the three essential tasks of memory?

Which of the following are the three essential tasks of memory? A) eidetic imagery, short-term memory, and recall B) encoding, storage, and retrieval C)...

Which one of the following is Not an artificial concept?

Which one of the following is Not an artificial concept? A) Einstein's theory of relativity B) the dictionary definition of the word 'truth' C) your...

The sensory register for vision is called ______ memory, whereas the sensory register for hearing is called ______ memory.

The sensory register for vision is called ______ memory, whereas the sensory register for hearing is called ______ memory. A) iconic; echoic B) implicit;...

___ are clusters of knowledge that provide general conceptual frameworks regarding certain topics, events, and situations.

______ are clusters of knowledge that provide general conceptual frameworks regarding certain topics, events, and situations. A) Algorithms B) Prototypes C)...

A guitarist uses ______ to recall how to play the notes of a specific song.

A guitarist uses ______ to recall how to play the notes of a specific song. A) procedural memory B) mnemonics C) a flashbulb memory D) semantic memory E)...

An algorithm would not be the best strategy when trying to

An algorithm would not be the best strategy when trying to A) choose whether you would like to have roses or lilacs in your garden. B) use a mathematical...

Usually about 500 people attend the annual exquisite Irish food festival. This year however, about 5000 people have attended because the word has spread that the boiled cabbage last year was "out of this world". Kelly, who is organizing the event, knows that there is usually 500 people there, while she knows more people in attendance she estimates the crowd to be about 1000 people. She is probably underestimating the crowd due to

Usually about 500 people attend the annual exquisite Irish food festival. This year however, about 5000 people have attended because the word has spread...

A person who uses a drop of superglue to seal a paper cut on their finger has overcome the obstacle to effective problem solving related to

A person who uses a drop of superglue to seal a paper cut on their finger has overcome the obstacle to effective problem solving related to A) the...

In studies that were completed regarding students' cognitive maps of the world, researchers found that

In studies that were completed regarding students' cognitive maps of the world, researchers found that A) the majority of students held placed Europe...

Blocking refers to the situation in which competing memories produce ______ leading to forgetting.

Blocking refers to the situation in which competing memories produce ______ leading to forgetting. A) misattribution B) transference C) an engram D)...

Another term for eidetic imagery is

Another term for eidetic imagery is A) engram. B) photographic memory. C) recognition. D) episodic memory. E) implicit memory. Answer:...

The physical changes that are associated with memory are known as a(n)

The physical changes that are associated with memory are known as a(n) A) schema. B) long-term potentiation. C) phoneme. D) engram. E) phosgene. Answer:...

Getting information out of memory is known as

Getting information out of memory is known as A) retrieval. B) encoding. C) storage. D) elaboration. E) chunking. Answer:...

If you are unable to remember the name of your second grade teacher because you haven't thought of her in a while, you are demonstrating

If you are unable to remember the name of your second grade teacher because you haven't thought of her in a while, you are demonstrating  A)...

After the outcome is known, people often have distorted thinking about their original expectations due to

After the outcome is known, people often have distorted thinking about their original expectations due to A) confirmation bias. B) their prototypes. C)...

The reason it may be difficult to remember how many rows of stars appear on the United States flag is most likely due to

The reason it may be difficult to remember how many rows of stars appear on the United States flag is most likely due to  A) sensory interference. B)...

The capacity of working memory is about ______ items and this theory was developed by

The capacity of working memory is about ______ items and this theory was developed by  A) thirty; Craik. B) seven; Miller. C) eleven; Miller. D)...

How long does sensory memory generally last?

How long does sensory memory generally last? A) 1 minute B) no limit to how long sensory memory will last C) 1 second D) fraction of a second E)...

To remember the five Great Lakes, you might remember the word HOMES, because each of the five letters in HOMES is the first letter of one of the Great Lakes. This strategy is known as

To remember the five Great Lakes, you might remember the word HOMES, because each of the five letters in HOMES is the first letter of one of the Great...

A(n) ______ is a cognitive representation of a physical space.

A(n) ______ is a cognitive representation of a physical space. A) spatial heuristic B) confirmation bias C) chunk D) algorithm E) cognitive map Answer:...

The fact that taste aversions ______ poses a problem for classical conditioning theory.

The fact that taste aversions ______ poses a problem for classical conditioning theory. A) are difficult to measure B) are part of our biological...

If you were going to use Bandura's findings in developing a program to prevent violence among middle school children, you might

If you were going to use Bandura's findings in developing a program to prevent violence among middle school children, you might A) punish children...

Operant conditioning, in contrast with classical conditioning, emphasizes events (such as rewards and punishments) the occur

Operant conditioning, in contrast with classical conditioning, emphasizes events (such as rewards and punishments) the occur A) at the same time as...

Much of B.F. Skinner's early work was inspired by the "Law of Effect" which was created by

Much of B.F. Skinner's early work was inspired by the "Law of Effect" which was created by A) John Watson. B) Ivan Pavlov. C) Mary Cover Jones. D)...

After having some bad barbecue pork in the cafeteria, your stomach gets a bit woozy each time you enter. The cafeteria is the ______ and your stomach feeling woozy is the ______.

After having some bad barbecue pork in the cafeteria, your stomach gets a bit woozy each time you enter. The cafeteria is the ______ and your stomach...

The notion that learning produces physical changes in the synapses of the brain is consistent with

The notion that learning produces physical changes in the synapses of the brain is consistent with A) hemispheric lateralization. B) long-term potentiation. C)...

Burt had never been afraid of spiders. but at camp last summer he woke up and there was a spider on his face. Since this event, he cries in fear every time he sees a multi legged creature. For Burt, before the incident spiders had been a ______, after the incident, spiders are a ______.

Burt had never been afraid of spiders. but at camp last summer he woke up and there was a spider on his face. Since this event, he cries in fear every...

Research regarding the learning styles have found that

Research regarding the learning styles have found that A) most people cannot be easily categorized into a single category. B) most people are kinesthetic...

A punisher ______ the probability of a response while a negative reinforcer ______ the probability of a response.

A punisher ______ the probability of a response while a negative reinforcer ______ the probability of a response. A) decreases; increases B) does...

Which of the following would be most likely to be the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) involved in classical conditioning?

Which of the following would be most likely to be the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) involved in classical conditioning? A) a flashing light B) music C)...

If you learned to fear electrical outlets after getting a painful shock, what would be the CS?

If you learned to fear electrical outlets after getting a painful shock, what would be the CS? A) the electrical outlet B) the time period between...

Just has cancer and is receiving chemotherapy at a local hospital. Her parents notice that she now rejects food that she willingly ate last week (before chemotherapy). Through the process of ______, the food is now acting as ______.

Just has cancer and is receiving chemotherapy at a local hospital. Her parents notice that she now rejects food that she willingly ate last week (before...

Your family goes on a fishing trip for vacation. While you are fishing you are working on a ______ schedule of reinforcement.

Your family goes on a fishing trip for vacation. While you are fishing you are working on a ______ schedule of reinforcement. A) variable ratio B)...

Damage to neurons within the ______ that use the transmitter ______ would be expected to diminish the experience of reward.

Damage to neurons within the ______ that use the transmitter ______ would be expected to diminish the experience of reward. A) cerebrum; acetylcholine B)...

A dog rattles a chain by the door to indicate that he wants to go out, his owner is thrilled and thinks that her dog is brilliant. The dog, however, has not yet proven learning because

A dog rattles a chain by the door to indicate that he wants to go out, his owner is thrilled and thinks that her dog is brilliant. The dog, however,...

Insight learning involves

Insight learning involves A) the developments of abstract concepts. B) the perception of familiar objects in new forms or relationships. C) the integration...

You had an intense fear of high spaces and were asked to climb to the top of a high tower. As you ascended your therapist told you to relax and gave you positive feedback on how you were doing, eventually you made it to the top. This therapeutic technique is known as

You had an intense fear of high spaces and were asked to climb to the top of a high tower. As you ascended your therapist told you to relax and gave...

In deciding whether there is a fire in your classroom building, which of the following provides the best early information as to whether there is a fire?

In deciding whether there is a fire in your classroom building, which of the following provides the best early information as to whether there is a...

Intermittent reinforcement is particularly effective for maintaining behavior because such reinforcement

Intermittent reinforcement is particularly effective for maintaining behavior because such reinforcement A) has popularity and generosity. B) has...

Negative punishment is sometimes referred to as ______.

Negative punishment is sometimes referred to as ______. A) negative reinforcement B) an aversive stimulus C) positive reinforcement D) premack principle E)...

What was the objection by Watson and other behaviorists to the study of consciousness?

What was the objection by Watson and other behaviorists to the study of consciousness? A) Conscious processes cannot be directly observed and measured. B)...

All of the following are related to our circadian rhythms, except

All of the following are related to our circadian rhythms, except A) daydreaming. B) waking. C) dreaming. D) jet lag. E) sleep. Answer:...

An altered state of consciousness occurs when some aspect of normal consciousness is modified either by mental, behavioral, or chemical means. This suggests that

An altered state of consciousness occurs when some aspect of normal consciousness is modified either by mental, behavioral, or chemical means. This...

Which of the following is not one of the functions of consciousness cited by your text?

Which of the following is not one of the functions of consciousness cited by your text? A) manipulating a mental image of the world B) relinquishing...

Which of the following symptoms suggests the presence of a sleep disorder?

Which of the following symptoms suggests the presence of a sleep disorder? A) a brief cessation of breathing once or twice a night B) a REM period...

Suppose that you are working in a sleep laboratory, where you are monitoring a subject's sleep recording during the night. As the night progresses, you would expect to see that

Suppose that you are working in a sleep laboratory, where you are monitoring a subject's sleep recording during the night. As the night progresses,...

Which of the following drugs would be most likely to produce hallucinations (sensory experiences with no basis in reality?)

Which of the following drugs would be most likely to produce hallucinations (sensory experiences with no basis in reality?) A) mescaline B) amphetamines C)...

Psychology has verified that meditation can be useful for producing

Psychology has verified that meditation can be useful for producing A) a state of relaxation. B) a deeper understanding of oneself. C) heightened...

Which one of the following is a sleep disorder characterized by brief interruptions when the sleeper stops breathing, waken, resumes breathing, and falls back asleep?

Which one of the following is a sleep disorder characterized by brief interruptions when the sleeper stops breathing, waken, resumes breathing, and...

Which one of the following did Freud believe to be a function of the unconscious mind?

Which one of the following did Freud believe to be a function of the unconscious mind? A) regulation of sleep, wakefulness, blood pressure, heart...

Which of the following groups of drugs have the opposite effects on the brain?

Which of the following groups of drugs have the opposite effects on the brain? A) hallucinogens and stimulants B) opiates and sedatives C) hallucinogens...

Consciousness changes in cycles that normally correspond to our biological rhythms and to the patterns of our environment. Which of the following illustrates this concept?

Consciousness changes in cycles that normally correspond to our biological rhythms and to the patterns of our environment. Which of the following illustrates...

Which of the following statements about hypnosis is true?

Which of the following statements about hypnosis is true? A) Hypnosis has no medical value. B) Hypnosis is actually a form of NREM sleep. C) The...

Psychoactive drugs usually create their effects by ______ in the brain.

Psychoactive drugs usually create their effects by ______ in the brain. A) causing delayed stress reactions B) stimulating reward circuits C) rewiring...

According to the activation-synthesis theory, dreams are

According to the activation-synthesis theory, dreams are  A) replays of events during the previous day. B) wish fulfillments. C) mental garbage. D)...

Rapid eye movements are reliable behavioral signs that

Rapid eye movements are reliable behavioral signs that A) a person is very low in hypnotizability. B) a sleeper is dreaming. C) one has achieved...

Three major effects sought by users of ______ are increased alertness, greater self-confidence, and euphoria.

Three major effects sought by users of ______ are increased alertness, greater self-confidence, and euphoria. A) barbiturates B) stimulants C) depressants D)...

Imaging techniques, such as MRI and PET scans, allow cognitive scientists to connect mental activity with

Imaging techniques, such as MRI and PET scans, allow cognitive scientists to connect mental activity with A) cognition. B) behavior. C) learning. D)...

Hypnosis is sometimes used by psychological researchers to

Hypnosis is sometimes used by psychological researchers to A) cure patients suffering from severe mental disorders. B) improve memory. C) create...

Which statement is true about daydreaming?

Which statement is true about daydreaming? A) Most people daydream every day. B) Daydreams help focus your attention. C) Daydreams are usually more...

Suppose you wanted to sample the contents of preconsciousness in a group of volunteers. Which technique would be most appropriate?

Suppose you wanted to sample the contents of preconsciousness in a group of volunteers. Which technique would be most appropriate? A) Ask them to...

According to cognitive neuroscience,

According to cognitive neuroscience, A) consciousness has no relationship to the brain. B) consciousness is a product of the brain. C) creativity...

Who objected most strenuously to defining psychology as the science of consciousness?

Who objected most strenuously to defining psychology as the science of consciousness? A) the humanists B) the cognitive psychologists C) the Freudians D)...

Luisa agrees to look after her friend's' new baby while they run an errand. Luisa tries to read with the stereo on but keeps listening for signs that the baby might be crying in the bedroom. Several times, Luisa thinks she can hear whimpering--but when she checks the baby, she usually finds her sound asleep. Which of the following best explains why Luisa's sensations are not always accurate?

Luisa agrees to look after her friend's' new baby while they run an errand. Luisa tries to read with the stereo on but keeps listening for signs that...

Which one of the following is the only sense that does not relay information through the thalamus?

Which one of the following is the only sense that does not relay information through the thalamus? A) the vestibular sense B) audition C) vision D)...

Which one of the following is most commonly experienced when a stimulus is ambiguous, information is missing, elements are combined in unusual ways, or familiar patterns are not apparent?

Which one of the following is most commonly experienced when a stimulus is ambiguous, information is missing, elements are combined in unusual ways,...

Research has shown that cultural factors can influence people's perceptions of

Research has shown that cultural factors can influence people's perceptions of A) pitch. B) sensory adaptation. C) timbre. D) distance. E) subliminal...

Although the markings in the ceiling tiles are of all different shapes and sizes, you notice that larger, darker spots seem to stand out against a background made up of smaller, lighter ones. Which principle of perceptual grouping explains this distinction?

Although the markings in the ceiling tiles are of all different shapes and sizes, you notice that larger, darker spots seem to stand out against a background...

The Gestalt theory proposes that many of our perceptions are determined by

The Gestalt theory proposes that many of our perceptions are determined by A) innate factors. B) illusions. C) top-down factors. D) bottom-up factors. E)...

What do all of these forms of sensation have in common: vision, hearing, taste, smell, pain, equilibrium, and body position?

What do all of these forms of sensation have in common: vision, hearing, taste, smell, pain, equilibrium, and body position? A) They all involve...

The frequency theory best explains _______ sounds, while the place theory best explains ______ sounds.

The frequency theory best explains _______ sounds, while the place theory best explains ______ sounds. A) low-pitched/high-pitched B) tonal/atonal C)...

The eyes have two distinct types of photoreceptors: the rods, which detect ______, and the cones, which detect ______.

The eyes have two distinct types of photoreceptors: the rods, which detect ______, and the cones, which detect ______. A) color/brightness B) motion/shape C)...

Which of the following is a process that adds meaning to incoming information obtained by the sensory systems?

Which of the following is a process that adds meaning to incoming information obtained by the sensory systems? A) detection B) perception C) sensation D)...

Place theory argues that sounds of different frequencies induce vibration in different areas of the

Place theory argues that sounds of different frequencies induce vibration in different areas of the A) temporal lobe. B) hammer. C) auditory nerve. D)...

The tendency of adults from the mainland United States to be tricked by the Ponzo illusion, whereas Guam citizens are often not fooled by it, can be explained by

The tendency of adults from the mainland United States to be tricked by the Ponzo illusion, whereas Guam citizens are often not fooled by it, can be...

When two close friends are talking, other people may not be able to follow their conversation because it has many gaps, which the friends can mentally fill in from their shared experience. Which Gestalt principle is illustrated by the friends' ability to fill in these conversational gaps?

When two close friends are talking, other people may not be able to follow their conversation because it has many gaps, which the friends can mentally...

The most complex and highly developed sense for human is

The most complex and highly developed sense for human is A) touch. B) sight. C) hearing. D) pain. E) taste. Answer:...

Place the following in the correct order concerning how a message travels through the ear.

Place the following in the correct order concerning how a message travels through the ear. A) tympanic membrane, cochlea, hammer/anvil/stirrup, basilar...

A person who has the most common form of color blindness with probably have the hardest time distinguishing between

A person who has the most common form of color blindness with probably have the hardest time distinguishing between A) orange and red. B) yellow...

__ is/are heavily influenced by an individual's expectations.

______ is/are heavily influenced by an individual's expectations. A) Neural networks B) Sensation C) Perception D) Sensory receptors E) Transduction Answer:...

The visual cortex is located within the

The visual cortex is located within the  A) parietal lobe. B) thalamus. C) cerebellum. D) occipital lobe. E) frontal lobe. Answer:...

A Necker cube is an example of a(n)

A Necker cube is an example of a(n) A) phosphene. B) Gestalt creation. C) pheromone. D) mental set. E) ambiguous figure. Answer:...

Scientific studies of subliminal messages have thus far shown

Scientific studies of subliminal messages have thus far shown A) little to no effect on behavior. B) effective to help people stop smoking. C) effective...

The sky appears to be blue because it reflects ______ wavelengths of light, while a rose appears red because it reflects ______ wavelengths of light?

The sky appears to be blue because it reflects ______ wavelengths of light, while a rose appears red because it reflects ______ wavelengths of light? A)...

If you stare at a blue square for one minute and then look at a neutral surface, you will likely see

If you stare at a blue square for one minute and then look at a neutral surface, you will likely see  A) pink. B) red. C) green. D) white. E)...

The sound that is produced when you strike a tuning fork has the physical properties of

The sound that is produced when you strike a tuning fork has the physical properties of A) timbre and pitch. B) volume and wavelength. C) frequency...

What is the purpose of the bipolar cells?

What is the purpose of the bipolar cells? A) to collect impulses from the rods and cones and send them to the ganglion cells B) to collect impulses...

When most people look at the black-and-white Hermann Grid illusion,

When most people look at the black-and-white Hermann Grid illusion, A) they see two alternating patterns appear and disappear. B) the inhibiting process...

Loudness is determined by sound

Loudness is determined by sound A) amplitude. B) quality. C) speed. D) frequency. E) pitch. Answer:...

Tasting a carrot is ______ remember that you hate the taste of carrots is ______.

Tasting a carrot is ______ remember that you hate the taste of carrots is ______. A) perception; sensation B) sensation; perception C) perception;...

Nerve impulses that carry information travel along ______ to specialized processing areas in the brain.

Nerve impulses that carry information travel along ______ to specialized processing areas in the brain. A) nerve endings B) sensory pathways C) photoreceptors D)...

Intense pain stimulation generates signals that are carried by

Intense pain stimulation generates signals that are carried by A) slow fibers. B) the anterior frontal cortex. C) efferent fibers. D) fast fibers. E)...

Auditory signals are processed in the

Auditory signals are processed in the A) vestibular cortex of the frontal lobes. B) somatosensory cortex of the parietal lobes. C) auditory cortex...

A person with damage to the ______ would be clumsy and uncoordinated.

A person with damage to the ______ would be clumsy and uncoordinated. A) hippocampus B) olfactory bulb C) kinesthetic receptors D) frontal lobe E)...

The fact that the great smell of baked goods is more powerful when you first enter a bakery than when you have been there for a while is because of

The fact that the great smell of baked goods is more powerful when you first enter a bakery than when you have been there for a while is because of A)...

When you walk through the cafeteria at lunch, you see many people seated at tables. You perceive those individuals who are sitting near each other as being friends with one another. You are demonstrating which of the following?

When you walk through the cafeteria at lunch, you see many people seated at tables. You perceive those individuals who are sitting near each other as...

Elana can hear the radio even at a much lower setting than her mother. At a given setting Elana can detect that there is music playing about half of the time. At the same setting, her mother cannot hear anything. Elana could be said to have a ______, ______ than her mother.

Elana can hear the radio even at a much lower setting than her mother. At a given setting Elana can detect that there is music playing about half of...

When considering how a message travels from its inception to its evaluation, select which of the following places the processes involved in the correct order.

When considering how a message travels from its inception to its evaluation, select which of the following places the processes involved in the correct...

Which one refers to the least amount of stimulation that your perceptual system can detect about half of the time?

Which one refers to the least amount of stimulation that your perceptual system can detect about half of the time? A) the stimulus threshold B) the...

What type of processing takes sensory data into the system through receptors and then sends the data to the brain for analysis of information?

What type of processing takes sensory data into the system through receptors and then sends the data to the brain for analysis of information? A)...

Sensory information related to the skin senses is processes within the

Sensory information related to the skin senses is processes within the A) reticular activating system. B) frontal lobes. C) semicircular canals. D)...

Visual transduction occurs within the

Visual transduction occurs within the  A) cornea. B) pupil. C) retina. D) fovea. E) iris. Answer:...

___ refers to the loss of responsiveness in receptor cells due to constant stimulation.

______ refers to the loss of responsiveness in receptor cells due to constant stimulation. A) Weber's law B) Signal detection C) Sensory adaptation D)...

Behavior consistently found in a species is likely to have a genetic basis that evolved because the behavior has been adaptive. Which of the following human behaviors illustrates this concept?

Behavior consistently found in a species is likely to have a genetic basis that evolved because the behavior has been adaptive. Which of the following...

Your temporal lobes are most important for processing ______ signals.

Your temporal lobes are most important for processing ______ signals. A) auditory B) tactile C) gustatory D) visual E) olfactory Answer:...

"Fight or flight" behavior is associated with

"Fight or flight" behavior is associated with A) the sympathetic division. B) interneurons. C) central nervous system. D) the parasympathetic division. E)...

The charge in the resting neuron is

The charge in the resting neuron is A) primarily a positive charge. B) primarily a negative charge. C) neither a negative or a positive charge. D)...

___ neurons carry messages to the central nervous system, and ______ neurons carry messages away from the central nervous system.

______ neurons carry messages to the central nervous system, and ______ neurons carry messages away from the central nervous system. A) Sensory;...

The parasympathetic nervous system is a subdivision of

The parasympathetic nervous system is a subdivision of A) the sympathetic nervous system. B) the autonomic nervous system. C) the somatic nervous...

Afferent neurons

Afferent neurons A) transport messages between sensory neurons and motor neurons. B) continuously monitor the routine operation of the body's internal...

In most people, ______ of the brain is/are most involved in visual-spatial activities.

In most people, ______ of the brain is/are most involved in visual-spatial activities. A) the right side B) the left side C) neither side D) the...

The specialty in psychology that studies the interaction of biology, behavior, and mental processes.

The specialty in psychology that studies the interaction of biology, behavior, and mental processes. A) neurobiology B) cognition C) biopsychology D)...

Which of the following is true of Prozac?

Which of the following is true of Prozac? A) Amphetamine is another name for Prozac. B) Prozac is an antagonist for dopamine receptors. C) The effects...

Sam works as a bicycle messenger in lower Manhattan. As he moves between a car and a bus, he relies on his nervous system's production of ______, which carry information between ______, to enable him to swerve out of danger.

Sam works as a bicycle messenger in lower Manhattan. As he moves between a car and a bus, he relies on his nervous system's production of ______, which...

Sleep and dreaming is regulated by the

Sleep and dreaming is regulated by the A) amygdala. B) hippocampus. C) pons. D) thalamus. E) pituitary gland. Answer:...

A person who has suffered damage to their hippocampus would be expected to have difficulty with

A person who has suffered damage to their hippocampus would be expected to have difficulty with A) remembering events from his distant past. B) concentrating...

The ______ interconnects the two hemispheres of the cerebrum.

The ______ interconnects the two hemispheres of the cerebrum. A) pituitary B) limbic system C) cerebral cortex D) corpus callosum E) cerebellum Answer:...

From an evolutionary perspective, which part of our brain is the oldest and looks much the same as any other lower order animal?

From an evolutionary perspective, which part of our brain is the oldest and looks much the same as any other lower order animal? A) frontal lobe B)...

The process of reuptake involves

The process of reuptake involves A) the movement of positive ions to the outside of the axon. B) neurotransmitters moving from the synapse back to...

In the ______ procedure, a composite picture of neuron activity is produced by detecting atomic particles emitted by a radioactive dye.

In the ______ procedure, a composite picture of neuron activity is produced by detecting atomic particles emitted by a radioactive dye. A) EEG B)...

______ is an example of a parasympathetic response.

______ is an example of a parasympathetic response. A) Preparing for a competitive dace competition B) Preparing yourself to fight an attacking dog C)...

Phineas Gage served as an example that an individual could experience extreme trauma to this area of their brain and life. However their personality would be drastically changed.

Phineas Gage served as an example that an individual could experience extreme trauma to this area of their brain and life. However their personality...

The action of grabbing your keys with your right hand is controlled by your

The action of grabbing your keys with your right hand is controlled by your A) association cortex. B) right somatosensory cortex. C) left motor cortex. D)...

The peripheral nervous system is comprised of

The peripheral nervous system is comprised of A) the somatic nervous system and the sympathetic division. B) the somatic nervous system and the autonomic...

German surgeons, Fritsch and Hitzig, found that when they stimulated the exposed cortex on injured soldiers that the soldiers would occasionally move an arm or leg when a certain location was touched. Which area of the brain had Fritsch and Hitzig discovered?

German surgeons, Fritsch and Hitzig, found that when they stimulated the exposed cortex on injured soldiers that the soldiers would occasionally move...

The central nervous system is comprised of all the neurons in the ______ and the ______.

The central nervous system is comprised of all the neurons in the ______ and the ______. A) brain; spinal cord B) axons; dendrites C) muscles; terminal...

Which of the following is true about interneurons?

Which of the following is true about interneurons? A) There are 200,000 of them for every motor neuron. B) They are only found in the peripheral nervous...

As you are sleeping, the fire alarm in your house goes off, immediately you are wide awake and helping your family to escape from your house. Which part of the nervous system produces this response?

As you are sleeping, the fire alarm in your house goes off, immediately you are wide awake and helping your family to escape from your house. Which...

This is the area in a neuron that determines whether or not a given neuron will 'fire'.

This is the area in a neuron that determines whether or not a given neuron will 'fire'. A) soma B) synapse C) axon D) dendrite E) myelin Answer:...

All of the following are important messengers within the endocrine system except

All of the following are important messengers within the endocrine system except A) thyroid. B) pituitary. C) gonads. D) thalamus. E) adrenal glands. Answer:...

Our ability to breathe is controlled by the ______ which is located within the ______.

Our ability to breathe is controlled by the ______ which is located within the ______. A) cerebellum; midbrain B) pons; forebrain C) medulla; brain...

At the moment of conception, a male child receives ______ chromosomes from his mother and ______ from his father.

At the moment of conception, a male child receives ______ chromosomes from his mother and ______ from his father. A) 23; 23 B) 24; 24 C) 23; 46 D)...

A four-year-old boy was accidentally shot in the head nearly his entire left hemisphere was removed but just three years later he was nearly completely normal. What term best explains the ability of the brain to 'rewire' itself, especially when we are young?

A four-year-old boy was accidentally shot in the head nearly his entire left hemisphere was removed but just three years later he was nearly completely...

How are a sample and the population in an experiment different from one another?

How are a sample and the population in an experiment different from one another? A) The population are the individuals actually participating in the...

To determine how varied a set of data is around the mean, what would be the best measure of analysis to use?

To determine how varied a set of data is around the mean, what would be the best measure of analysis to use? A) Mode B) Standard deviation C) Correlation D)...

If a study finds that there is a negative correlation between exercise and blood pressure, this would most likely indicate that

If a study finds that there is a negative correlation between exercise and blood pressure, this would most likely indicate that A) exercise causes...

The circumstance where a variable that has not been measured accounts for the relationship between two other variables.

The circumstance where a variable that has not been measured accounts for the relationship between two other variables. A) Independent variable B)...

The ______ variables should be eliminated or controlled by keeping them the same or constant in an experiment.

The ______ variables should be eliminated or controlled by keeping them the same or constant in an experiment. A) confounding B) placebo C) independent D)...

The independent variable ______, while the dependent variable ______.

The independent variable ______, while the dependent variable ______. A) is the group that does receive the treatment; is the group that does not...

All of the following are examples of descriptive statistics except for

All of the following are examples of descriptive statistics except for A) mode. B) statistical significance. C) median. D) mean. E) range. Answer:...

What is the correct order in which information should be presented in an academic psychological article?

What is the correct order in which information should be presented in an academic psychological article? A) Abstract, method, results, discussion,...

What is the purpose of using a frequency distribution to examine the data?

What is the purpose of using a frequency distribution to examine the data? A) By creating a bar graph of the information you can see patterns in...

A key aspect of an experiment is the requirement that researchers

A key aspect of an experiment is the requirement that researchers A) use correlational methods. B) provide some sort of placebo. C) publish their...

What is the purpose of an Institutional Review Board (IRB)?

What is the purpose of an Institutional Review Board (IRB)? A) To make sure that animals are treated humanly. B) To insure that an experiment's hypothesis...

Jenna wants to learn whether men or women are better drivers. To determine this, she decides that she will measure driving ability by examining the number of automobile accidents people have been involved in as a driver. The number of accidents is the basis of

Jenna wants to learn whether men or women are better drivers. To determine this, she decides that she will measure driving ability by examining the...

All of the following are measures of central tendency except

All of the following are measures of central tendency except A) mean. B) correlation coefficient. C) mode. D) median. E) range. Answer:...

A subject who is exposed to the special treatment is said to be in the ______ condition.

A subject who is exposed to the special treatment is said to be in the ______ condition. A) Operational B) Experimental C) Correlational D) Blind E)...

Random assignment of subjects to different experimental conditions is a method for controlling differences that may exist between

Random assignment of subjects to different experimental conditions is a method for controlling differences that may exist between A) heredity and...

Which one of the following is a good method for controlling expectancy bias?

Which one of the following is a good method for controlling expectancy bias? A) Performing a case study B) Consulting the APA's "Ethical Principles...

Which of the following correlation coefficients would a statistician know, at first glance, is a mistake?

Which of the following correlation coefficients would a statistician know, at first glance, is a mistake? A) -0.2 B) +1.1 C) +1.0 D) -0.7 E) 0.0 Answer:...

Sample is to population as

Sample is to population as A) valid is to invalid. B) child is to adult. C) part is to whole. D) large is to small. E) not representative is to representative. Answer:...

The primary purpose of a survey is to

The primary purpose of a survey is to A) describe an entire population. B) determine cause-and-effect relationships. C) discover attitudes and beliefs. D)...

What do researchers use to summarize, describe, and analyze the results of their research?

What do researchers use to summarize, describe, and analyze the results of their research? A) Surveys B) Case Studies C) Naturalistic Observations D)...

Which type of study is the "next best thing" to a longitudinal study?

Which type of study is the "next best thing" to a longitudinal study? A) Cohort-sequential study B) Ex post facto design C) Naturalistic observation D)...

Which of the following is not a step in the "ethics cascade"?

Which of the following is not a step in the "ethics cascade"? A) Who should decide what is morally justifiable in the conduct of research? B) Are...

Most psychologists accept a difference between groups as "real," or significant, under which of the following conditions?

Most psychologists accept a difference between groups as "real," or significant, under which of the following conditions? A) P+0 B) P < .05 C)...

Which of the following is a measure of central tendency?

Which of the following is a measure of central tendency? A) Mean B) Correlation C) Histogram D) Frequency Distribution E) Random Sample Answer:...

Which one of the following correlations shows the strongest relationship between two variables?

Which one of the following correlations shows the strongest relationship between two variables? A) +0.4 B) +0.38 C) -0.7 D) -0.9 E) 0.05 Answer:...

The left hemisphere of the cerebral cortex is usually more involved than the right hemisphere in activities such as

The left hemisphere of the cerebral cortex is usually more involved than the right hemisphere in activities such as a) recognizing and appreciating...

What part of the cerebral cortex is most involved with initiating and controlling body movements?

What part of the cerebral cortex is most involved with initiating and controlling body movements? a) the frontal lobes b) the hippocampus c) the temporal...

Which of the three brain layers is often thought of as the "emotional brain"?

Which of the three brain layers is often thought of as the "emotional brain"? a) the brain stem b) the cerebellum c) the limbic system d) the medulla e)...

Which of the following statements identifying the locations of important brain structures is true?

Which of the following statements identifying the locations of important brain structures is true? a) The hypothalamus is par of the brain stem. b)...

Which form of brain scanning employs radioactive tracers to reveal the most active regions of the brain?

Which form of brain scanning employs radioactive tracers to reveal the most active regions of the brain? a) EEG b) CT c) PET d) MRI e) fMRI Answer:...

Which one of the following is an example of behavior controlled primarily by the autonomic nervous system?

Which one of the following is an example of behavior controlled primarily by the autonomic nervous system? a) typing a sentence accurately on a keyboard b)...

Neurotransmitters are released by the terminal buttons into the _____, and hormones are released by the endocrine system into the _____.

Neurotransmitters are released by the terminal buttons into the _____, and hormones are released by the endocrine system into the _____. a) sympathetic...

During a neural impulse, a neuron "fires" when

During a neural impulse, a neuron "fires" when a) it is physically contacted by another cell that is transmitting the signal. b) an electric charge...

Although Darwin never knew it, evolution takes advantage of genetic _____ that enhances survival and reproduction of the individual.

Although Darwin never knew it, evolution takes advantage of genetic _____ that enhances survival and reproduction of the individual. a) variations b)...

According to Darwin's theory of natural selection,

According to Darwin's theory of natural selection, a) the environment "selects" organisms that are more complex and more advanced. b) the members...

The split-brain patient in Figure 3.18 has trouble using the _____ hand to select the object flashed on the left side of the screen. (Hints: Which hemisphere controls each hand? Which hemisphere processes information from the left side of the visual field?)

The split-brain patient in Figure 3.18 has trouble using the _____ hand to select the object flashed on the left side of the screen.(Hints: Which hemisphere...

In the split-brain operation, what part of the brain is severed?

In the split-brain operation, what part of the brain is severed? a) the cerebrum b) the corpus callosum c) the left hemisphere d) the occipital lobe e)...

A brain tumor in the limbic system is most likely to produce changes in a person's

A brain tumor in the limbic system is most likely to produce changes in a person's a) coordination. b) emotions. c) hearing. d) sleep patterns. e)...

Which technique for studying the brain relies on the brain's electrical activity?

Which technique for studying the brain relies on the brain's electrical activity? a) CT b) EEG c) fMRI d) MRI e) PET Answer:...

Some people seem to have high blood pressure because they have an anxiety response while having their blood pressure taken at the doctor's office. Which part of the nervous system produces this anxiety response?

Some people seem to have high blood pressure because they have an anxiety response while having their blood pressure taken at the doctor's office. Which...

Which part of the brain communicates directly with the "master gland" of the endocrine system?

Which part of the brain communicates directly with the "master gland" of the endocrine system? a) the brain stem b) the cerebellum c) the cortex d)...

Which of the following might carry a neural impulse across the synapse?

Which of the following might carry a neural impulse across the synapse?  a) an axon b) the blood c) the cerebrospinal fluid d) dopamine e) an...

Behavior consistently found in a species is likely to have a genetic basis that evolved because the behavior has been adaptive. Which of the following human behaviors illustrates this concept?

Behavior consistently found in a species is likely to have a genetic basis that evolved because the behavior has been adaptive. Which of the following...

In purely evolutionary terms, which one would be a measure of your own success as an organism?

In purely evolutionary terms, which one would be a measure of your own success as an organism? a) your intellectual accomplishments b) the length...

Which of the following statements express the correct relationship?

Which of the following statements express the correct relationship? a) Genes are made of chromosomes. b) DNA is made of chromosomes. c) Nucleotides...

Which of the following is a characteristic that might be a part of your phenotype?

Which of the following is a characteristic that might be a part of your phenotype? a) your height and eye color b) the members of your family c) what...

Which of the following processes are involved in natural selection, the driving force behind evolution?

Which of the following processes are involved in natural selection, the driving force behind evolution?  a) Individuals best adapted to the environment...

In which kind of research does the scientist have the most control over variables that might affect the outcome of the study?

In which kind of research does the scientist have the most control over variables that might affect the outcome of the study? A) An experimental study B)...

Random assignment of subjects to different experimental conditions is a method for controlling differences between

Random assignment of subjects to different experimental conditions is a method for controlling differences between A) the dependent variable and the...

Which is the only form of research that can determine cause and effect?

Which is the only form of research that can determine cause and effect? A) A survey B) A case study C) A correlational study D) A naturalistic observation E)...

The conditions involving the independent variable could also be thought of as

The conditions involving the independent variable could also be thought of as Answer: stimuli.&nbs...

Which of the following could be an operational definition of "fear"?

What could be an operational definition of "fear"? A) An intense feeling of terror and dread when thinking about some threatening situation B) Moving...

A scientific study should begin with

A scientific study should begin with Answer: a hypothesis.&nbs...

A theory is

A theory is Answer: a testable explanation for what has been observed.&nbs...

The research technique of introspection

The research technique of introspection A) studies groups of people interacting with one another. B) studies children rather than adolescents and...

A sociocultural psychologist would be most interested in which of the following?

A sociocultural psychologist would be most interested in which of the following? A) comparing how often Americans and Canadians spank their children B)...

Alfred works in a laboratory at the University of Freud. He runs rats through mazes to determine how long it will take them to form a cognitive map. Alfred is primarily working the field of

Alfred works in a laboratory at the University of Freud. He runs rats through mazes to determine how long it will take them to form a cognitive map....

A master's degree in psychology typically involves how many additional years of study once an individual has completed their undergraduate studies?

A master's degree in psychology typically involves how many additional years of study once an individual has completed their undergraduate studies? A)...

Pseudo Psychology is

Pseudo Psychology is A) the study of perception and cognition. B) the scientific study of human and animal behavior. C) phony unscientific psychology...

Researchers need to be aware of the Confirmation Bias to

Researchers need to be aware of the Confirmation Bias to A) assure that they are not involved in their own studies. B) make sure that they are not...

This perspective looks at the long-standing personality characteristics of an individual, and how this may impact their affect, behaviors and cognition.

This perspective looks at the long-standing personality characteristics of an individual, and how this may impact their affect, behaviors and cognition. A)...

Jake has had a troubled past. He had a difficult time getting along with his parents as a child and today he still holds much hostility towards his parents. He thinks he might be holding a longstanding grudge against them, but he cannot remember what it is. What field of psychology would be most interested in getting to the root of Jake's troubled childhood?

Jake has had a troubled past. He had a difficult time getting along with his parents as a child and today he still holds much hostility towards his...

One likely difference between a psychiatrist and psychologist is that a psychiatrist would tend to use more

One likely difference between a psychiatrist and psychologist is that a psychiatrist would tend to use more A) medicine to treat those suffering...

How has the field of Developmental Psychology changed in recent years?

How has the field of Developmental Psychology changed in recent years? A) Now focus primarily on childhood development. B) Now focus on how our culture...

The individual who believed that consciousness is a "stream of ideas" rather than elements that should be broken into smaller parts was

The individual who believed that consciousness is a "stream of ideas" rather than elements that should be broken into smaller parts was A) Plato. B)...

The Biological View is most closely associated with the discipline of

The Biological View is most closely associated with the discipline of A) Evolution. B) Chemistry. C) Neuroscience. D) Natural Selection. E) Development. Answer:...

The ______-approach views behavior as driven by powerful inner forces and conflicts.

The ______-approach views behavior as driven by powerful inner forces and conflicts. A) behavioristic B) humanistic C) sociocultural D) biological E)...

In initial studies regarding facilitated communication to treat autistic children results looked promising. Upon further research it was found that this only occurred because

In initial studies regarding facilitated communication to treat autistic children results looked promising. Upon further research it was found that...

Which of psychology's nine perspectives says that psychology should not study mental processes, such as sensation, perception, memory, thinking, motivation, and emotion?

Which of psychology's nine perspectives says that psychology should not study mental processes, such as sensation, perception, memory, thinking, motivation,...

The statement "Behavior has developed over eons of time" most directly reflects the perspective of

The statement "Behavior has developed over eons of time" most directly reflects the perspective of a) developmental psychology. b) clinical psychology. c)...

The tendency to attend to evidence that confirms our expectations in known as:

The tendency to attend to evidence that confirms our expectations in known as: a) confirmational bias. b) empirical investigation. c) functionalism. d)...

Which researcher is most closely associated with the founding of humanistic psychology?

Which researcher is most closely associated with the founding of humanistic psychology? a) Sigmund Freud b) Max Wertheimer c) William James d) Carl...

The cognitive view of psychology:

The cognitive view of psychology: a) subscribes to the idea that changes as we grow affect our personality. b) has a special interest in mental health...

All of the following areas are applied to psychological specialties, except

All of the following areas are applied to psychological specialties, except a) cognitive psychology. b) counseling psychology. c) clinical psychology. d)...

According to the evolutionary approach in modern psychology, human behavior is the result of the natural selection of behaviors that promote

According to the evolutionary approach in modern psychology, human behavior is the result of the natural selection of behaviors that promote a) cultural...

According to the _____ approach, which is a variation of the _____ view, a person's behavior and personality develop as a result of unconscious inner tensions and conflicts.

According to the _____ approach, which is a variation of the _____ view, a person's behavior and personality develop as a result of unconscious inner...

"To understand consciousness or behavior, you must focus on the probable purpose of an action or process." This statement reflects the arguments of

"To understand consciousness or behavior, you must focus on the probable purpose of an action or process." This statement reflects the arguments of a)...

Psychology's scientific origins are usually traced to the late 19th century, when _____ established the first psychological laboratory.

Psychology's scientific origins are usually traced to the late 19th century, when _____ established the first psychological laboratory. a) Sigmund...

In which one of the following sets are all factors associated with the perspective indicated?

In which one of the following sets are all factors associated with the perspective indicated? a) memory, personality, environment: the behavioral...

If you were a teacher trying to understand how students learn, which of the following viewpoints would be most helpful?

If you were a teacher trying to understand how students learn, which of the following viewpoints would be most helpful? a) the cognitive view b) psychoanalytic...

Mental processes such as perception, thinking and remembering are sometimes called

Mental processes such as perception, thinking and remembering are sometimes called a) social cues. b) affective events. c) neural nets. d) dependent...

Which of the following approaches to psychology would say that the differences between the behavior of males and females are the result of different survival and reproduction issues faced by the two sexes?

Which of the following approaches to psychology would say that the differences between the behavior of males and females are the result of different...

Modern psychology has strong roots in all of the following traditions except

Modern psychology has strong roots in all of the following traditions except a) Greek philosophy. b) biology. c) astrology. d) functionalism. e) structuralism. Answer:...

Which of the following is a method you would use to tell whether a friend had experienced a perceptual shift while viewing the Necker cube?

Which of the following is a method you would use to tell whether a friend had experienced a perceptual shift while viewing the Necker cube? a) behaviorism b)...

One of the roots of cognitive psychology sought to identify the "elements of conscious experience." Adherents to this viewpoint were called

One of the roots of cognitive psychology sought to identify the "elements of conscious experience." Adherents to this viewpoint were called a) structuralists. b)...

Rene Descartes made a science of psychology possible when he suggested that

Rene Descartes made a science of psychology possible when he suggested that a) science should be based entirely on common sense rather than on religion. b)...

The ancient Greeks' approach to psychology was not scientific because they

The ancient Greeks' approach to psychology was not scientific because they a) failed to check their opinions against controlled observations. b) were...

Psychology is different from other disciplines, such as psychiatry, that deal with people because

Psychology is different from other disciplines, such as psychiatry, that deal with people because a) psychology focuses on mental disorder. b) psychology...

Which one of the following would be most likely to do research on learning or memory?

Which one of the following would be most likely to do research on learning or memory? a) an applied psychologist b) a psychiatrist c) an I/O psychologist d)...

Which one would be considered an applied psychologist?

Which one would be considered an applied psychologist? a) an I/O psychologist b) a social worker c) a psychologist doing basic research d) a professor...

The 'confirmation bias' refers to a mental process that explains, among other things, why people

The 'confirmation bias' refers to a mental process that explains, among other things, why people a) engage in risky behavior. b) seek help from psychiatrists. c)...

Experiments showing facilitated communication to be ineffective were similar to the experiment that exposed Clever Hans. Specifically, what did both experimental procedures have in common?

Experiments showing facilitated communication to be ineffective were similar to the experiment that exposed Clever Hans. Specifically, what did both...

Kluver-Bucy syndrome is characterized by:

Kluver-Bucy syndrome is characterized by: visual agnosia increased oral behaviors increased sexual behaviors extreme fear reactions a, b, and c Answer:...

Which of the following neurotransmitters has been identified as seminally involved in an organism's reward system and is often altered by drugs of abuse?

Which of the following neurotransmitters has been identified as seminally involved in an organism's reward system and is often altered by drugs of abuse? Dopamine GABA Serotonin Acetylcholine None...

Two brain structures not originally proposed by Paper as important to emotional experience and expression, but now known to be important, are the ____ and the _____.

Two brain structures not originally proposed by Paper as important to emotional experience and expression, but now known to be important, are the ____...