Post Carotid Endarterectomy on ward, patient seizes. BP has been hard to control. What to do to prevent further seizures?

Post Carotid Endarterectomy on ward, patient seizes. BP has been hard to control. What to do to prevent further seizures? A: Add another antihypertensive B:...

CHADS2 score. Which is not a feature?

CHADS2 score. Which is not a feature? A. Age B. Gender C. Diabetes mellitus D. Stroke E. CCF Answer:  ...

Cephalothin doesn't cover:

Cephalothin doesn't cover: A. Proteus B. E coli C. Staph D. Strep E. Pseudomonas Answer:  ...

Best position for IABP is 1-2 cm:

Best position for IABP is 1-2 cm: A. Distal to Left SCA B. Proximal to Left SCA C. Distal to artery of Adamkiewicz D. Distal to renal artery E....

Atrial septal defect, where is the murmur heard the loadest?

Atrial septal defect, where is the murmur heard the loadest? A. PV B. MV C. ASD D. AV E. TV Answer:  ...

Severe asthma attack. Given continuous nebs & IV hydrocortisone but not responding. PaCO2 low. SpO2 low. Next appropriate treatment?

Severe asthma attack. Given continuous nebs & IV hydrocortisone but not responding. PaCO2 low. SpO2 low. Next appropriate treatment? A. IV...

A man is working with electrical appliances at home with a residual current device. If he touches the active and the neutral (was it neutral or earth) wire he will suffer

A man is working with electrical appliances at home with a residual current device. If he touches the active and the neutral (was it neutral or earth)...

Endocarditis prophylaxis in patient with MVR appropriate for?

Endocarditis prophylaxis in patient with MVR appropriate for? A. Dental procedure B. Rigid bronchoscopy C. Upper endoscopy with biopsy D. D&C E....

A child with intra-operative blood loss. A cardiac arrest is most likely because of

A child with intra-operative blood loss. A cardiac arrest is most likely because of A. A delay in delivery of blood from the blood bank B. Inadequate...

When instructing ward staff on monitoring for respiratory depression in a patient using PCA (patient controlled analgesia) you would advise that early respiratory depression is best detected by monitoring

When instructing ward staff on monitoring for respiratory depression in a patient using PCA (patient controlled analgesia) you would advise that early...

A pregnant lady is undergoing neuroradiological coiling of a cerebral aneurysm. At what gestational age should you monitor foetal heart rate to ensure adequate uteroplacental blood flow

A pregnant lady is undergoing neuroradiological coiling of a cerebral aneurysm. At what gestational age should you monitor foetal heart rate to ensure...

Essential diagnostic criteria on ECG for LBBB

Essential diagnostic criteria on ECG for LBBB A. Loss of septal Q's in V5 and V6 B. RSR in V1 C. Large slurred S in V6 D. T-waves opposite to...

The features of Pierre Robin sequence include cleft palate, micrognathia and:

The features of Pierre Robin sequence include cleft palate, micrognathia and: A. Glossoptosis B. Craniosynostosis C. Macroglossia D. Microstomia Answer:...

Systemic Vascular resistance index (SVRI) is equal to:

Systemic Vascular resistance index (SVRI) is equal to: A. SVR x BSA B. SVR / BSA C. SVR -BSA D. BSA / SVR E. SVR^2 / BSA Answer: ...

A diagnostic test has a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 99% in detecting a certain disease. From this we can conclude that

A diagnostic test has a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 99% in detecting a certain disease. From this we can conclude that A. the false...

If a patient experiences parasthesia in the little finger during supraclavicular brachial plexus block, the needle is in proximity to the

If a patient experiences parasthesia in the little finger during supraclavicular brachial plexus block, the needle is in proximity to the A....

An indication for NON-operative management of blunt liver trauma in adults is

An indication for NON-operative management of blunt liver trauma in adults is A. absence of peritoneal signs B. a haemodynamically stable patient C....

What drug should NOT be used for tocolysis in 32/40 female?

What drug should NOT be used for tocolysis in 32/40 female? A. Indomethacin B. Magnesium C. Nifedipine D. Salbutamol Answer:  ...

Recognised weaknesses of systematic reviews include all of the following EXCEPT

Recognised weaknesses of systematic reviews include all of the following EXCEPT A. publication bias B. duplicate publication C. study heterogeneity D....

Preoperative assessment shows a Mallampati (ML) score of III and thyromental distance (TMD) of < 6cm. A grade 3 to 4 on Cormark and Lehane is predicted. Compared to the ML score, the TMD is

Preoperative assessment shows a Mallampati (ML) score of III and thyromental distance (TMD) of < 6cm. A grade 3 to 4 on Cormark and Lehane is predicted....

In infants with congenital pyloric stenosis

In infants with congenital pyloric stenosis A. dehydration is associated with early hyponatremia B. plasma chloride levels seldom fall below...

The nerve supplying area of skin between greater trochanter and iliac crest:

The nerve supplying area of skin between greater trochanter and iliac crest: A. subcostal nerve B. ilioinguinal nerve C. genitofemoral nerve D....

What is NOT a contraindication to MRI?

What is NOT a contraindication to MRI? A. Pulmonary artery catheter B. Arterial line C. Scissors D. Coiled ECG cable E. Laryngoscope Answer:...

Penetrating injury to chest. What part of the heart most likely injured?

Penetrating injury to chest. What part of the heart most likely injured? A. RV B. LV C. RA D. LA E. Right coronary Answer:  ...

How long prior to a spinal anaesthetic should dabigatran be ceased?

How long prior to a spinal anaesthetic should dabigatran be ceased? A. 4 hours B. 12 hours C. 1 day D. 7 days E. 14 days Answer:...

Day 4 epidural. On 40 mg SC enoxeparin daily postoperatively (8 pm). When is the most appropriate time to remove the epidural?

Day 4 epidural. On 40 mg SC enoxeparin daily postoperatively (8 pm). When is the most appropriate time to remove the epidural? A. Day 5 at 12...

Preoperative autologous blood donation results in less:

Preoperative autologous blood donation results in less: A. Cost B. Incompatible transfusion C. Less blood wastage D. Less unnecessary transfusion Answer:...

Epidural block to T2 causes all of the following EXCEPT:

Epidural block to T2 causes all of the following EXCEPT: A. Bradycardia B. Vasodilatation C. Reduced circulating catecholamines D. Dyspnoea E....

In what proportion of people is the AV node supplied by the R coronary artery?

In what proportion of people is the AV node supplied by the R coronary artery? a. 5 b. 15 c. 40 d. 40 e. 85 Answer:  ...

Bowel surgery patient. Best method for intraoperative optimization of fluid therapy?

Bowel surgery patient. Best method for intraoperative optimization of fluid therapy? A. Arterial pulse pressure contour analysis B. CVP C. PAOP D....

What percentage of primiparous women experience a headache in the first week following delivery?

What percentage of primiparous women experience a headache in the first week following delivery? a. 3-5% b. 5-15% c. 15-40% d. 40-65% e. 65-85% Answer:...

Estimate GCS post head-trauma. E - Response to pain V - Mumbling incoherently M - Withdraws to pain

Estimate GCS post head-trauma. E - Response to pain V - Mumbling incoherently M - Withdraws to pain A. 7 B. 8 C. 9 D. 10 Answer: &nbs...

During scoliosis surgery with monitoring of somatosensory evoked potentials, which tract are they mainly monitoring?

During scoliosis surgery with monitoring of somatosensory evoked potentials, which tract are they mainly monitoring? A: Dorsal column B: Spinothalamic...

During prolonged trendelenburg positioning there is:

During prolonged trendelenburg positioning there is: A. No change in ICP B. No change in IOP C. Increased pulmonary compliance D. Increased myocardial...

A patient is having an electrophysiological study and ablation for atrial fibrillation. Suddenly the blood pressure drops to 76/38 mmHg, with the heart rate at 110 in sinus rhythm. What is the best investigation to confirm the cause of hypotension?

A patient is having an electrophysiological study and ablation for atrial fibrillation. Suddenly the blood pressure drops to 76/38 mmHg, with the heart...

When do most patients with SAH rebleed?

When do most patients with SAH rebleed? A. 0-24 hours B. 1-2 days C. 4-10 days D. 14-28 days Answer:  ...

Acute visual loss after non-ocular surgery is most commonly caused by

Acute visual loss after non-ocular surgery is most commonly caused by A. ischaemic optic neuropathy B. prolonged direct compression of the globe C....

A 29 year old female undergoes craniotomy for posterior fossa tumour. Which of the following is an absolute contraindication to the sitting position

A 29 year old female undergoes craniotomy for posterior fossa tumour. Which of the following is an absolute contraindication to the sitting position A....

Which type of aortic dissection is typically managed non-operatively?

Which type of aortic dissection is typically managed non-operatively? A. Debakey Type I B. Debakey Type II C. Stanford A D. Stanford B E. Stanford...

Pulsus paradoxus in constrictive pericarditis:

Pulsus paradoxus in constrictive pericarditis: A. Decrease in BP Every second beat B. Decrease in BP In expiration when increase is normal C....

A male patient has a haemoglobin of 8g/dL and reticulocyte count 10%. The most likely diagnosis is

A male patient has a haemoglobin of 8g/dL and reticulocyte count 10%. The most likely diagnosis is A. Untreated pernicious anaemia B. Aplastic...

Inverted P waves in lead II may be caused by?

Inverted P waves in lead II may be caused by? A. transposed lower limb leads B. junctional rhythm C. hypothermia D. left axis deviation E. inferior...

With regard to Digoxin toxicity which of the following is NOT a feature?

With regard to Digoxin toxicity which of the following is NOT a feature? a. ventricular bigeminy b. sinus arrest c. atrial flutter d. atrial...

cTnI remains elevated for up to?

cTnI remains elevated for up to? A. 1-2 days B. 2-5 days C. 5-14 days D. 1 month E. 1 year Answer:  ...

Abnormal Q waves are NOT a feature of the ECG in

Abnormal Q waves are NOT a feature of the ECG in A. an old myocardial infarction B. left bundle branch block C. recent transmural myocardial...

75 year old with non-valvular AF usually on warfarin has their warfarin stopped for one week. What is their daily risk of stroke?

75 year old with non-valvular AF usually on warfarin has their warfarin stopped for one week. What is their daily risk of stroke? A: 1% B: 0.1% C:...

At what valve area do you begin to get symptoms, at rest, with mitral stenosis?

At what valve area do you begin to get symptoms, at rest, with mitral stenosis? A. 4.5 cm2 B. 3.5 cm2 C. 2.5 cm2 D. 1.5 cm2 E. 1.0 cm2 Answer:...

All of the following may be associated with ulcerative colitis EXCEPT

All of the following may be associated with ulcerative colitis EXCEPT A. cirrhosis B. iritis C. psoriasis D. arthritis E. sclerosing cholangitis Answer:...

The presence of small bubbles of air in an invasive arterial pressure monitoring system will always decrease the

The presence of small bubbles of air in an invasive arterial pressure monitoring system will always decrease the A. damping coefficient of...

Photograph of an Arndt endobronchial blocker. Orifice labelled 'X'. What goes in 'X'?

Photograph of an Arndt endobronchial blocker. Orifice labelled 'X'. What goes in 'X'? A. Bronchoscope B. the circuit C. the guidewire D. Nylon E....

A Full Size C oxygen cylinder has pressure downregulated from?

A Full Size C oxygen cylinder has pressure downregulated from? A. 16,000 kPa to 400 kPa B. 16,000 kPa to 240 kPa C. 14,000 kPa to 400kPa C....

White cylinder with grey shoulder?

White cylinder with grey shoulder? A. CO2 B. Air C. O2 D. N2O E. N2 Answer:  ...

You are doing an awake fibreoptic intubation and having difficulty identifying the anatomy of where you are. Then you observe a trifurcation. The lobe of the lung to which this airway is connected is

You are doing an awake fibreoptic intubation and having difficulty identifying the anatomy of where you are. Then you observe a trifurcation. The lobe...

Which is NOT a disadvantage of drawover vaporiser versus plenum vaporiser?

Which is NOT a disadvantage of drawover vaporiser versus plenum vaporiser? A. Temperature compensation B. Cannot use sevoflurane C. Small volume...

Desflurane vaporiser, heated because of

Desflurane vaporiser, heated because of A. High SVP B. High boiling point C. Low SVP D. High MAC E. Low MAC Answer:  ...

75 year old male with normal renal function for an endoluminal aortic repair. What is the best protection to prevent the development of renal dysfunction?

75 year old male with normal renal function for an endoluminal aortic repair. What is the best protection to prevent the development of renal dysfunction? A:...

What antibiotics are required for bacterial endocarditis prophylaxis in a woman with MV prolapse for cholecystectomy.

What antibiotics are required for bacterial endocarditis prophylaxis in a woman with MV prolapse for cholecystectomy. A. None B. gentamicin C....

Endocarditis prophylaxis is appropriate in?

Endocarditis prophylaxis is appropriate in? A. All patients undergoing dental surgery B. Aortic valve repair C. cardiac transplant D. Rheumatic...

The most commonly reported cause of awareness during general anaesthesia for a non-obstetric procedure is

The most commonly reported cause of awareness during general anaesthesia for a non-obstetric procedure is A. equipment failure B. human error C....

Indicator in sodalime?

Indicator in sodalime? A. Ethyl violet B. Potassium permangenate C. Blue dye D. Ethylene blue E. Magic marker Answer:  ...

Most common cause of mortality post transfusion?

Most common cause of mortality post transfusion? A. TRALI B. Contamination/infection C. Mismatched blood D. GvHD E. Anaphylaxis  Answer:...

Emergency caesarean section for foetal distress (and foetal acidosis on scalp probe?). what is best option to raise gastric pH preop:

Emergency caesarean section for foetal distress (and foetal acidosis on scalp probe?). what is best option to raise gastric pH preop: A. Oral...

Apnoeic oxygenation in obese patient can be increased by

Apnoeic oxygenation in obese patient can be increased by A. Sniffing position B. Prone C. Supine D. Lateral E. Head up Answer: &n...

Best single predictor of difficult intubation in obese patient?

Best single predictor of difficult intubation in obese patient? A. Mallampati score B. Interincisor distance C. Severe OSA D. BMI E. Neck circumference...

Half-life of mast cell tryptase?

Half-life of mast cell tryptase? A. 1 hour B. 2 hours C. 24 hours D. 36 hours E. 72 hours Answer:  ...

A 62 year old man has chronic renal failure. You notice his total serum calcium is 2.05 mmol/L. This is because he has

A 62 year old man has chronic renal failure. You notice his total serum calcium is 2.05 mmol/L. This is because he has A. high serum vitamin...

Iron deficiency

Iron deficiency A. decreased serum ferritin, increased serum iron B. decreased serum ferritin, absence of bone marrow iron C. decreased serum...

A 60 year old man 24 hours post CABG is confused, oliguric, with BP 80/40, pulse 120. The most appropriate and useful investigation is

A 60 year old man 24 hours post CABG is confused, oliguric, with BP 80/40, pulse 120. The most appropriate and useful investigation is A. electrocardiogram B....

After coronary artery bypass graft surgery, the FRC is

After coronary artery bypass graft surgery, the FRC is A. increased 40% B. increased 20% C. unchanged D. decreased 20% E. decreased 40% Answer:...

Advantages of off-pump CABG over on-pump CABG

Advantages of off-pump CABG over on-pump CABG A. decreased transfusion rate B. decreased mortality C. decreased cost D. increased graft patency E....

When intubating over a bougie / awake fibreoptic, which direction do you rotate the tube to stop it catching on structures in the glottis

When intubating over a bougie / awake fibreoptic, which direction do you rotate the tube to stop it catching on structures in the glottis A....

When stimulating the ulnar nerve with a nerve stimulator, which muscle do you see twitch?

When stimulating the ulnar nerve with a nerve stimulator, which muscle do you see twitch? A. opponens abducens B. abductor pollicis brevis C....

The commonest initial presenting feature in anaphylaxis is

The commonest initial presenting feature in anaphylaxis is A. coughing B. desaturation C. hypotension D. rash E. wheeze Answer: &n...

The percentage of the population which is heterozygous as regards pseudocholinesterase, thus having a dibucaine number between 30 and 80, is

The percentage of the population which is heterozygous as regards pseudocholinesterase, thus having a dibucaine number between 30 and 80, is A....

To achieve maximum anaesthesia with minimal risk of trauma to veins, the tip of a needle used for a medial peribulbar injection should be advanced no further past the equator of the globe than

To achieve maximum anaesthesia with minimal risk of trauma to veins, the tip of a needle used for a medial peribulbar injection should be advanced no...

The most frequently reported clinical sign in malignant hyperpyrexia is

The most frequently reported clinical sign in malignant hyperpyrexia is A. arrhythmia B. cyanosis C. sweating D. tachycardia E. rigidity Answer:...

Preoperative assessment shows a malampati (ML) score of III and thyromental distance (TMD) of < 6cm. A grade 3 to 4 on Cormark and Lehanes is predicted. Compared to the ML score, the TMD is:

Preoperative assessment shows a malampati (ML) score of III and thyromental distance (TMD) of <  6cm. A grade 3 to 4 on Cormark and Lehanes...

Blunt liver trauma can be treated non surgically if

Blunt liver trauma can be treated non surgically if A. No peritoneal signs B. Low Grade injury on CT scan C. Severe COPD D. Haemodynamically...

Pre eclamptic patient post LSCS continue on Mg infusion in ICU. Found to be in respiratory depressed. Next management

Pre eclamptic patient post LSCS continue on Mg infusion in ICU. Found to be in respiratory depressed. Next management A. Calcium gluconate B....

Respiratory function in quadriplegics is improved by

Respiratory function in quadriplegics is improved by A. abdominal distension B. an increase in chest wall spasticity C. interscalene nerve block D....

A patient with severe COPD on home oxygen is having an excision of a submandibular tumour under local anaesthesia. The best way to prevent fire in the operating room is:

A patient with severe COPD on home oxygen is having an excision of a submandibular tumour under local anaesthesia. The best way to prevent fire in the...

The carotid sinus derives its nerve supply from the

The carotid sinus derives its nerve supply from the A. vagus nerve B. glossopharyngeal nerve C. ansa cervicalis (hypoglossi) D. middle cervical...

What nerve supplies sensation to the larynx above the vocal cords:

What nerve supplies sensation to the larynx above the vocal cords: A. internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve B. external branch of superior...

A nulliparous woman in labour for 8 hours with epidural analgesia has a fever 37.6 degrees. The most likely reason for this is

A nulliparous woman in labour for 8 hours with epidural analgesia has a fever 37.6 degrees. The most likely reason for this is A. altered thermoregulation B....

In the management of torsades de pointes (polymorphic ventricular tachycardia), all the following drugs may be useful EXCEPT

In the management of torsades de pointes (polymorphic ventricular tachycardia), all the following drugs may be useful EXCEPT A. amiodarone B....

Best indicator of return function of laryngeal muscle

Best indicator of return function of laryngeal muscle A. Sustained head lift 5 sec B. Sustained leg lift 5 sec C. TOF 0.9 D. DBS no fade E....

Indicates autonomic neuropathy except

Indicates autonomic neuropathy except A. Sinus arrthymias B. Gastric reflux C. Postural hypotension D. Priaprism E. Constipation Answer:...

Most likely change on CTG with anaesthesia for non-obstetric surgery at 32 wks:

Most likely change on CTG with anaesthesia for non-obstetric surgery at 32 wks: A. Loss of beat to beat variability B. No change C. Late decelerations D....

What do C6/7 motor function do

What do C6/7 motor function do A. flex/extension of fingers B. flex /extend wrist C. shoulder ext rotation / abduction D. elbow pronation/supination E....

Baby with Tracheo-oesophageal fistula found by bubbling saliva and nasogastric tube coiling on Xray. BEST immediate management?

Baby with Tracheo-oesophageal fistula found by bubbling saliva and nasogastric tube coiling on Xray. BEST immediate management? A. Bag and...

Suxamethonium dosage higher in neonates compare to adult because

Suxamethonium dosage higher in neonates compare to adult because A. Increased volume of distribution B. Increased pseudocholinesterase activity C....

The cause of hypoxia in one lung ventilation

The cause of hypoxia in one lung ventilation A. Blood flow through non ventilated lung B. Impairment of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction Answer:...

A patient with pulmonary hypertension secondary to lung disease presents for a laparotomy. Regarding this patient's anaesthetic management

A patient with pulmonary hypertension secondary to lung disease presents for a laparotomy. Regarding this patient's anaesthetic management A....

Tracheo-oesophageal Fistula (TOF)

Tracheo-oesophageal Fistula (TOF) A. is associated with cardiac anomalies in approximately 60% of cases B. is associated with oesophageal atresia...

Young pregnant patient with moderate mitral stenosis, normal LV function. The best delivery method

Young pregnant patient with moderate mitral stenosis, normal LV function. The best delivery method A. Epidural anaesthesia LSCS B. Spinal with...

Systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI) is calculated from

Systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI) is calculated from A. systemic vascular resistance multiplied by body surface area B. systemic vascular...

An 18 yo with Fontan circulation undergoing exploratory laparotomy. On ICU ventilation, saturation is 70%. Which ventilator parameter would you INCREASE to improve his saturation?

An 18 yo with Fontan circulation undergoing exploratory laparotomy. On ICU ventilation, saturation is 70%. Which ventilator parameter would you INCREASE...

Which patients do not get pulmonary hypertension

Which patients do not get pulmonary hypertension a. ASD b. Chronic thromboembolism c. Tetralogy d. MR e. MS Answer:  ...

Pregnant woman presents with narrow complex tachycardia HR 190, stable BP 100/60. No response to vagal manoeuvres. Management?

Pregnant woman presents with narrow complex tachycardia HR 190, stable BP 100/60. No response to vagal manoeuvres. Management? A. Adenosine...

In pregnancy the dural sac ends at:

In pregnancy the dural sac ends at: A. T12 B. L2 C. L4 D. S2 E. S4 Answer:  ...

Levosimendan:

Levosimendan: A. Increases contractility and myocardial oxygen consumption B. Increases SVR C. Binds to troponin C and induces a conformational...

A diagnostic test has a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 99% in detecting a certain disease. From this we can conclude that

A diagnostic test has a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 99% in detecting a certain disease. From this we can conclude that A. the false...

To operate on the anterior 2/3rds of the ear you would need to block:

To operate on the anterior 2/3rds of the ear you would need to block: A. Mandibular n B. Maxillary n C. Vagus n D. Greater auricular n Answer:...

Post partum sudden collapse, suspected amniotic fluid embolism. The consistent finding is:

Post partum sudden collapse, suspected amniotic fluid embolism. The consistent finding is: A. Low C3, C4 B. Increase complement C. Increase...

Which of the following is NOT a feature of long-standing paraplegia above T6?

Which of the following is NOT a feature of long-standing paraplegia above T6? A. Flaccidity of the leg muscles B. Poikilothermia C. Mass autonomic...

Apnoeic oxygenation in obese patient can be increased by

Apnoeic oxygenation in obese patient can be increased by A. Sniffing position B. Prone C. Supine D. Lateral E. Head up Answer: ...

How quickly does the CO2 rise in the apnoeic patient ?

How quickly does the CO2 rise in the apnoeic patient ? A. 1 mmHg per min B. 2 mmHg per min C. 3 mmHg per min D. 4 mmHg per min E. 5 or 8 mmHg...

Called to emergency department to review a 20 year old male punched in throat at a party. Some haemoptysis / hoarse / soft voice. Next step in management:

Called to emergency department to review a 20 year old male punched in throat at a party. Some haemoptysis / hoarse / soft voice. Next step in management:  A....

A young woman with type 1 von Willebrand disease presents for a dilatation and curettage. She is a Jehovah's Witness. You consider administering intravenous desmopressin in an attempt to reduce haemorrhage. Which of the following statements regarding desmopressin is FALSE?

A young woman with type 1 von Willebrand disease presents for a dilatation and curettage. She is a Jehovah's Witness. You consider administering intravenous...

ASD murmur heard at

ASD murmur heard at A. ASD B. Tricuspid valve C. Pulmonary valve D. Mitral valve E. Aortic valve Answer:  ...

Pregnant patient seatbelt, driver- involved in car accident. Suddenly developed severe central chest pain, HR 110, BP 154/80, RR 26, Sat 100%. The most likely cause?

Pregnant patient seatbelt, driver- involved in car accident. Suddenly developed severe central chest pain, HR 110, BP 154/80, RR 26, Sat 100%. The most...

Trauma patient best indicator of good resuscitation

Trauma patient best indicator of good resuscitation A. Lactate level B. Heart rate C. Blood pressure Answer:  ...

Lumbarsacral nerve does not supply:

Lumbarsacral nerve does not supply: A. Subcostal nerve B. Ilioinguinal n C. Iliohypogastric n D. Femoral n Answer:  ...

Reverse splitting of the 2nd heart sound is caused by

Reverse splitting of the 2nd heart sound is caused by A. acute pulmonary embolism B. ASD C. complete LBBB D. severe MR E. pulmonary HT Answer:...

Diastolic dysfunction Not caused by

Diastolic dysfunction Not caused by A. Adrenaline B. Myocardial fibrosis C. Aortic stenosis D. Hypertension Answer:  ...

Compared to retrobulbar block, peribulbar block is associated with

Compared to retrobulbar block, peribulbar block is associated with A. More bleeding B. More risk to optic nerve C. More akinetic eye D. Less...

Most safe side to insert subtenon block

Most safe side to insert subtenon block A. Inferonasal B. Inferotemporal C. Medial D. Superonasal E. Superotemporal Answer: &nbs...

Stellate ganglion block associated with all except:

Stellate ganglion block associated with all except: A. Ptosis B. Miosis C. Sweating D. Facial flushing E. Nasal stuffiness Answer:...

Modified Cormack and Lehane grade - You cannot see beyond the epiglottis and there is a little space between the epiglottis and the posterior pharyngeal wall

Modified Cormack and Lehane grade - You cannot see beyond the epiglottis and there is a little space between the epiglottis and the posterior pharyngeal...

Post intubation, you manually ventilate and noted patient high airway pressure. What would you do next

Post intubation, you manually ventilate and noted patient high airway pressure. What would you do next A. Open the APL valve B. Auscultate...

Interscalene block after injection of 2ml bupivacaine- patient seizure. Most likely injected to

Interscalene block after injection of 2ml bupivacaine- patient seizure. Most likely injected to A. Dural cuff B. Vertebral arteries C. Internal...

The below would increase A-a oxygen gradient Except

The below would increase A-a oxygen gradient Except A. Increase FIO2 B. Decrease FIO2 C. Decrease cardiac output D. Increase shunt Answer:...

Carbon dioxide is the most common gas used for insufflation for laparoscopy because it

Carbon dioxide is the most common gas used for insufflation for laparoscopy because it A. is cheap and readily available B. is slow to be absorbed...

The most effective method for cerebral protection in aortic arch aneurysm repair

The most effective method for cerebral protection in aortic arch aneurysm repair A. Systemic hypothermia 20degrees B. Antegrade perfusion to...

Infra-renal aortic cross-clamping usually results in

Infra-renal aortic cross-clamping usually results in  A. decreased cardiac contractility B. decreased coronary blood flow C. decreased...

During elective major vascular surgery the best way to reduce the risk of acute renal failure is to maintain a normal

During elective major vascular surgery the best way to reduce the risk of acute renal failure is to maintain a normal A. central venous pressure B....

Patient ingested 500 mg/kg aspirin. In ICU, the most effective method to remove aspirin

Patient ingested 500 mg/kg aspirin. In ICU, the most effective method to remove aspirin A. IV fluid B. Haemodialysis C. Sodium bicarbonate infusion Answer:...

Post dural punture headache

Post dural punture headache A. 24hour bed rest B. Prone position worst C. Increase incidence with insertion of spinal catheter D. Hearing loss Answer:...

Following a left sided pneumonectomy, a left intercostal drain is placed and connected to an underwater drainage system. In the postoperative period

Following a left sided pneumonectomy, a left intercostal drain is placed and connected to an underwater drainage system. In the postoperative period A....

A line isolation monitor protects against microshock

A line isolation monitor protects against microshock A. only if the warning current is set at 10mA B. only if the warning current is set at...

You see a man in his 60s in clinic 1 week prior to laparoscopic cholecystectomy. He has dilated cardiomyopathy with an ejection fraction of 30%, but does not get dyspnoeic with normal activities of daily living. What is the most appropriate management of his heart failure?

You see a man in his 60s in clinic 1 week prior to laparoscopic cholecystectomy. He has dilated cardiomyopathy with an ejection fraction of 30%, but...

During cardiac catheterisation patient become BP 80/60, HR 110, CVP 16. What is the next most important investigation

During cardiac catheterisation patient become BP 80/60, HR 110, CVP 16. What is the next most important investigation A. Echocardiogram B....

Post cervical spine op, there is bulging noted under the incision site. Patient desaturated, combative, keep pulling off the oxygen facemask. Next course of action

Post cervical spine op, there is bulging noted under the incision site. Patient desaturated, combative, keep pulling off the oxygen facemask. Next course...

Most common cause of paediatric post anaesthesia cardiac arrest

Most common cause of paediatric post anaesthesia cardiac arrest A. Drug error B. Respiratory cause C. Multifactorial Answer: &nb...

There is evidence to avoid BIS 40 for more than 5 minutes because

There is evidence to avoid BIS <40 5="" because="" for="" h2="" minutes="" more="" than=""> A. Safe cost B. Increase incidence of hypotension C....

The most commonly reported cause of awareness during general anaesthesia for a non-obstetric procedure is

The most commonly reported cause of awareness during general anaesthesia for a non-obstetric procedure is  A. equipment failure B. human...

After transfusion of 5 unit of FFP what is least likely to occur

After transfusion of 5 unit of FFP what is least likely to occur A. Haemolytic reaction B. Hypocalcaemia C. Infection D. Hyperkalaemia Answer:...

Transfusion related acute lung injury (TRALI)

Transfusion related acute lung injury (TRALI) A. can be caused by all homologous blood components, but particularly FFP (fresh frozen plasma) B....

Patient presents with carcinoid syndrome and develops hypotension intraoperatively. Best drug to treat it is:

Patient presents with carcinoid syndrome and develops hypotension intraoperatively. Best drug to treat it is: A. Noradrenaline B. Adrenaline C....

Post local anaesthetic block in difficult intubate patient- patient seizure. What would you give?

Post local anaesthetic block in difficult intubate patient- patient seizure. What would you give? A. Midazolam 5 mg B. thiopentone C. propofol D....

Post CEA on ward, patient seizes. BP has been hard to control. What to do to prevent further seizures?

Post CEA on ward, patient seizes. BP has been hard to control. What to do to prevent further seizures? A: Add another antihypertensive B: Start...

The QT interval may be prolonged by each of the following EXCEPT

The QT interval may be prolonged by each of the following EXCEPT A. high intra-thoracic pressure B. hypothermia C. magnesium sulphate D. suxamethonium E....

Which does NOT have abnormal Q waves:

Which does NOT have abnormal Q waves: A: Digoxin toxicity B: Anterior myocardial infartion C: Previous AMI D: LBBB E: Wolff-Parkinson-White...

You are asked to see a 60 y.o. male 2 days following a cervical laminectomy because he has new new neurological symptoms in his right arm. The surgical team think these may be due to poor patient positioning. The sign that would most help differentiate c C8-T1 nerve root injury from an ulnar nerve injury is

You are asked to see a 60 y.o. male 2 days following a cervical laminectomy because he has new new neurological symptoms in his right arm. The surgical...

LUSCS for failure to progress. Spinal is inserted uneventfully. Next day the patient has foot drop. The most likely cause is?

LUSCS for failure to progress. Spinal is inserted uneventfully. Next day the patient has foot drop. The most likely cause is? A. epidural haematoma B....

Post epidural and LSCS, the next day patient have persistent paraesthesia anterior thigh. What other injuries would indicate more of nerve roots instead of peripheral nerve injuries

Post epidural and LSCS, the next day patient have persistent paraesthesia anterior thigh. What other injuries would indicate more of nerve roots instead...

Complication of celiac plexus block

Complication of celiac plexus block A. Hypertension B. Failure of erection C. Constipation D. Paraplegia E. L3,4 lumbar pain Answer:...

The safe maximal pressure for endotracheal cuff at the lateral side of the trachea

The safe maximal pressure for endotracheal cuff at the lateral side of the trachea A. 0-10 cm water B. 10-20 cm water C. 20-30 cm water D....

Post delivery neonate did not breath post stimulation by midwife, not vigorous, heart rate drop from 140 to 90bpm. Next step of action

Post delivery neonate did not breath post stimulation by midwife, not vigorous, heart rate drop from 140 to 90bpm. Next step of action A. 100%...

Subarachnoid haemorrhage patient. What percentage rebleed in the first 24hours

Subarachnoid haemorrhage patient. What percentage rebleed in the first 24hours A. <5 nbsp="" p="">B. 5-10% C. 10-15% D. 15-20% E. >20...

An elderly lady has a closed neck of femur fracture and presents to ED. She is in chronic AF and on warfarin. INR is 2.6 and she is not bleeding. It is 9am and she is scheduled for repair the following day. According to current guidelines, how should her warfarin be reversed?

An elderly lady has a closed neck of femur fracture and presents to ED. She is in chronic AF and on warfarin. INR is 2.6 and she is not bleeding. It...

LSCS for foetal distress, meconium stained liquor. Management of baby

LSCS for foetal distress, meconium stained liquor. Management of baby A. Intrapartum suctioning B. Intrapartum suctioning and post partum tracheal...

Finding on haemophilia A patient

Finding on haemophilia A patient A. Female haemarthrosis B. Male haemarthrosis C. Normal PT, abnormal APTT D. Abnormal PT, normal APTT Answer:...

The test to diagnose pulmonary embolism

The test to diagnose pulmonary embolism A. CT pulmonary angiogram B. Echocardiography C. Electrocardiogram D. Ventilation-perfusion scan Answer:...

72 year old has had hip replacement surgery and 3 days postop has a pulmonary embolus. He is fully heparinised, but still dyspnoeic, clammy, BP 80/40, pulse 120 and CVP 18. The most appropriate next step is

72 year old has had hip replacement surgery and 3 days postop has a pulmonary embolus. He is fully heparinised, but still dyspnoeic, clammy, BP 80/40,...

Which drugs below does not need dose adjustment in renal failure patient

Which drugs below does not need dose adjustment in renal failure patient A. Buprenorphine B. Morphine C. Tramadol D. Clexane E. Fluconazole Answer:...

Circuit disconnection during spontaneous breathing anaesthesia

Circuit disconnection during spontaneous breathing anaesthesia A. will be reliably detected by a fall in end-tidal carbon dioxide concentration B....

Patient indicated for prophylaxis of infective endocarditis

Patient indicated for prophylaxis of infective endocarditis A. amoxicillin orally 2 hours prior B. amoxicillin IV 1 hourly prior C. amoxicillin...

Jehovah's witness refused blood- you have told him you refuse to do the surgery/anaesthesia for his own good. Ethical principle:

Jehovah's witness refused blood- you have told him you refuse to do the surgery/anaesthesia for his own good. Ethical principle: A. Paternalism B....

Neonate to drug addicts found by grandmother in the house, brought into ed, mildly jaundice, slight tachycapnic. ABG PH 7.54, PaCO2 46, pO2 74, HCO 13

Neonate to drug addicts found by grandmother in the house, brought into ed, mildly jaundice, slight tachycapnic. ABG PH 7.54, PaCO2 46, pO2 74, HCO...

Main heat loss in anaesthetic for neonate

Main heat loss in anaesthetic for neonate A. vasodilatation B. radiation C. convection D. conduction E. evaporative Answer: &nbs...

In pregnancy the dural sac ends at:

In pregnancy the dural sac ends at: A. T12 B. L2 C. L4 D. S2 E. S4 Answer:  ...

Visual loss with pupillary reflexes retained. Likely cause ?

Visual loss with pupillary reflexes retained. Likely cause ? A. Retinal detachment B. Occipital mass C. Frontal mass D. Chiasmal mass E. Optic...

How quickly does the CO2 rise in the apnoeic patient ?

How quickly does the CO2 rise in the apnoeic patient ? A. 1 mmHg per min B. 2 mmHg per min C. 3 mmHg per min D. 4 mmHg per min E. 5 or ?8...

Young asthmatic male in emergency department. RR 26, pCO2 27, SAO2 92%, struggling talking in sentences. Given nebulised salbutamol, and ipratropium, 200mg IV hydrocortisone. After 30 minutes - no improvement. Further management:

Young asthmatic male in emergency department. RR 26, pCO2 27, SAO2 92%, struggling talking in sentences. Given nebulised salbutamol, and ipratropium,...

Patient post anterior cervical fusion. Patient in recovery. Confused and combative. Nurse concerned about haematoma. Taken to theatre: Most appropriate way of securing airway:

Patient post anterior cervical fusion. Patient in recovery. Confused and combative. Nurse concerned about haematoma. Taken to theatre: Most appropriate...

TURP - patient under spinal. Confused. ABG: Na+ 117 / normal gas exchange. Treatment ?

TURP - patient under spinal. Confused. ABG: Na+ 117 / normal gas exchange. Treatment ? A. 10 ml 20% Saline as fast push IV B. 3% NS 100 ml/h C....

The best clinical indicator of SEVERE Aortic stenosis

The best clinical indicator of SEVERE Aortic stenosis A. Presence of thrill B. Mean Gradient 30 mm/Hg C. Area 1.2 cm2 D. Slow rising pulse...

Exponential decline / definition of time constant

Exponential decline / definition of time constant  A. time for exponential process to reach log(e) of its initial value B. Time until...

Correct statements regarding fondaparinux include each of the following EXCEPT

Correct statements regarding fondaparinux include each of the following EXCEPT A. it has a structure unrelated to heparin B. it is administered...

The most appropriate method for improving oxygenation during one lung anaesthesia, after institution of an FiO2 of 1.0, is application of

The most appropriate method for improving oxygenation during one lung anaesthesia, after institution of an FiO2 of 1.0, is application of A....

Thallium scan:

Thallium scan: A. High negative predictive value B. High positive predictive value C. Not as good as a dobutamine stress echocardiography D. Requires...

Amniotic fluid embolism. Cause of death in first half hour ?

Amniotic fluid embolism. Cause of death in first half hour ? A. Pulmonary hypertension B. Malignant arrhythmia C. Pulmonary oedema D. Hypovolaemic...

Which is NOT a disadvantage of drawover vaporiser versus plenum vaporiser:

Which is NOT a disadvantage of drawover vaporiser versus plenum vaporiser: A. Temperature compensation B. Cannot use sevoflurane C. Small volume...

Subtenon's block. What is the worst position to insert block?

Subtenon's block. What is the worst position to insert block? A. Inferonasal B. Inferotemporal C. Superonasal D. Superotemporal E. Medial / canthal Answer:...

A 78 year old man with past difficult intubation for arm surgery. Supraclavicular block with 25 mls 0.5% bupivacaine. Shortly after begins convulsing. INITIAL management?

A 78 year old man with past difficult intubation for arm surgery. Supraclavicular block with 25 mls 0.5% bupivacaine. Shortly after begins convulsing....

Transfusion related acute lung injury (TRALI)

Transfusion related acute lung injury (TRALI) A. can be caused by all homologous blood components, but particularly FFP (fresh frozen plasma) B....

Reverse splitting of the second heart sound occurs with:

Reverse splitting of the second heart sound occurs with: A. LBBB B. Pulmonary hypertension C. Acute pulmonary embolus D. ASD E. Severe MR Answer:...

If a test is negative, what proportion will not have the disease:

If a test is negative, what proportion will not have the disease: A. Sensitivity B. Specificity C. Positive Predictive Value D. Negative Predictive...

In a patient with porphyria, the drug most likely to cause an acute episode is

In a patient with porphyria, the drug most likely to cause an acute episode is A. morphine B. propofol C. propanidid D. phenytoin E. atropine Answer:...

How far to insert PICC line in a kid beyond the carina

How far to insert PICC line in a kid beyond the carina  A: At the carina B: 1cm below C: 1cm above Answer:  ...

Multiple attempts to place ETT during difficult intubation causing pharyngeal and esophageal perforations. Most likely cause of death?

Multiple attempts to place ETT during difficult intubation causing pharyngeal and esophageal perforations. Most likely cause of death? A: Failure...

What is the most common way to measure end tidal gas concentrations on our anaesthetic machines?

What is the most common way to measure end tidal gas concentrations on our anaesthetic machines? A: mass spectrometry B: Raman scattering C:...

75 year old male with normal renal function for an endoluminal aortic repair. What is the best protection to prevent the development of renal dysfunction?

75 year old male with normal renal function for an endoluminal aortic repair. What is the best protection to prevent the development of renal dysfunction? A:...

What makes tramadol less effective?

What makes tramadol less effective? A: ondansetron B: prochlorperazine C: metoclopramide D: paracetamol E. droperidol Answer:  ...

Fontan patient having an open appendicectomy. What do you want?

Fontan patient having an open appendicectomy. What do you want? A: long I time and PEEP B: long I time C: short I time D: raised ETCO2 E: spontaneous...

Your registrar gives a Duchenne patient 1mg/kg of suxamethonium. What are you most worried about?

Your registrar gives a Duchenne patient 1mg/kg of suxamethonium. What are you most worried about? A: hyperkalaemia B: rhabomyolysis C: MH Answer:...

Eisenmenger's syndrome:

Eisenmenger's syndrome: A: decrease Hb to <180 p="" venesection="" with="">B: Give high FiO2 C: Pulmonary vasodilators will treat the pulmonary...

What percentage of patients with SAH are troponin positive?

What percentage of patients with SAH are troponin positive? A: <5 nbsp="" p="">B: 15-30% C: 40-60% D: 70-90% E: 100% Answer: ...

If type and Rh specific blood is given to a patient, how safe is the transfusion ?

If type and Rh specific blood is given to a patient, how safe is the transfusion ? A: ? B: ? C: 97% D: 98.6% E: 99.8% Answer: ...

75 year old with non-valvular AF usually on warfarin has their warfarin stopped for one week. What is their daily risk of stroke?

75 year old with non-valvular AF usually on warfarin has their warfarin stopped for one week. What is their daily risk of stroke? A: 1% B: 0.1% C:...

Which of the following causes the most heat loss in a neonate?

Which of the following causes the most heat loss in a neonate? A: conduction B: convection C: evaporation D: radiation E: vasodilation Answer:...

Flow with the O2 flush button pressed and volatile agent turned on will give you:

Flow with the O2 flush button pressed and volatile agent turned on will give you: A: 20-30l/min O2 B: 30-70l/min O2 C: volatile agent + 30l/m...

During lumbar plexus block placement, which of the following indicates inappropriate needle placement?

During lumbar plexus block placement, which of the following indicates inappropriate needle placement? A: hip flexion B: hip adduction C: knee...

During scoliosis surgery with monitoring of somatosensory evoked potentials, which tract are they mainly monitoring?

During scoliosis surgery with monitoring of somatosensory evoked potentials, which tract are they mainly monitoring? A: Dorsal column B: Spinothalamic...

Popliteal block placed from the lateral approach:

Popliteal block placed from the lateral approach: A: Passes through semimembranosus B: Has eversion of the foot as the end point C: Has increased...

During interscalene block placement get medial movement of the scapula. This is secondary to stimulation of:

During interscalene block placement get medial movement of the scapula. This is secondary to stimulation of: A: long thoracic nerve B: dorsal...

The anterior branch of the femoral nerve supplies everything but:

The anterior branch of the femoral nerve supplies everything but: A: pectineus B: rectus femoris C: Medial thigh D: anterior thigh E: sartorius Answer:...

When compared to a non-obese patient, in an obese patient (BMI >35) when fasted for an elective procedure the gastric secretion will have:

When compared to a non-obese patient, in an obese patient (BMI >35) when fasted for an elective procedure the gastric secretion will have: A:...

The half life of the active metabolite of levosimendan (OR-1896) is:

The half life of the active metabolite of levosimendan (OR-1896) is: A: 1hr B: 8hr C: 24hr D: 3 days E: 7 days Answer:  ...

Anaesthetising an obese patient. Acelerometer on TOF 0.9. Could dose suxamethonium on ideal body weight or total body weight. With respect to 1mg/kg IBW vs. TBW you will see:

Anaesthetising an obese patient. Acelerometer on TOF 0.9. Could dose suxamethonium on ideal body weight or total body weight. With respect to 1mg/kg...

Post scoliosis repair, decreased movement bilaterally in the legs with decreased pain and temperature sensation but spared joint position sense and vibration. What is at fault?

Post scoliosis repair, decreased movement bilaterally in the legs with decreased pain and temperature sensation but spared joint position sense and...

TEG tracing given, post cardiac surgery. Had quite slim tail (ie fibrinolysis) but broader 'shoulders'.

TEG tracing given, post cardiac surgery. Had quite slim tail (ie fibrinolysis) but broader 'shoulders'. A: Fibrinolysis B: Hypofibrinogenemia C:...

Ageing (adult) causes:

Ageing (adult) causes: A: Decreased FRC B: Decreased Cardiac output C: Diastolic dysfunction D: Increased creatinine Answer:  ...

Autonomic dysreflexia. Which ONE is true?

Autonomic dysreflexia. Which ONE is true? A: 50% of patients with a level below T6 B: Unlikely if below T10 C: Can be prevented?? D: Can be...

What is NOT true for PDPH following puncture

What is NOT true for PDPH following puncture A: Prophylactic bed rest B: Decreased incidence when catheter is inserted intrathecally C: Decreased...

Post operative left pneumonectomy. What to do with underwater seal drain?

Post operative left pneumonectomy. What to do with underwater seal drain? A: Nurse patient in R lateral decubitus position B: Expect to see...

Post CEA on ward, patient seizes. BP has been hard to control. What to do to prevent further seizures?

Post CEA on ward, patient seizes. BP has been hard to control. What to do to prevent further seizures? A: Add another antihypertensive B: Start...

Hypertension- severe- in pregnancy (or was it PET?) What NOT to use?

Hypertension- severe- in pregnancy (or was it PET?) What NOT to use? A: Hydrallazine B: Nifedipine C: Labetalol D: Metoprolol E: SNP Answer:...

Petit mal epilepsy - Which is true? (or words to that effect)

Petit mal epilepsy - Which is true? (or words to that effect) A: Most common in child <2 nbsp="" old="" p="" years="">B: Can precipitate...

Long stem about an old #NOF patient with aortic stenosis. What is a sign/ investigation/ symptom that shows the most severity? (ie Which one of these would indicate that the lesion was severe?)

Long stem about an old #NOF patient with aortic stenosis. What is a sign/ investigation/ symptom that shows the most severity? (ie Which one of these...

ECG- which does NOT have abnormal Q waves:

ECG- which does NOT have abnormal Q waves: A: Digoxin toxicity B: Anterior myocardial infartion C: Previous AMI D: LBBB E: Wolff-Parkinson-White...

Absolute contraindication to sitting position for posterior fossa craniotomy for meningioma

Absolute contraindication to sitting position for posterior fossa craniotomy for meningioma A: Prescence of patent ventriculo-atrial drain/shunt B:...

A 35yr old African-American with sickle cell and fractured ankle for ORIF. Hb 90, Haematocrit 0.3.

A 35yr old African-American with sickle cell and fractured ankle for ORIF. Hb 90, Haematocrit 0.3. A: Transfuse 2 units packed cells (?pre-op) B:...

An 85y.o for open AAA repair. Refuses blood because of risk of vCJD. You tell him you won't anaesthetise him as the risk is too high. This is an example of:

An 85y.o for open AAA repair. Refuses blood because of risk of vCJD. You tell him you won't anaesthetise him as the risk is too high. This is an example...

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Most important to specifically do all EXCEPT:

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Most important to specifically do all EXCEPT: A: Avoid hyperextension of the neck B: Damage to the teeth C: Avoid joint...

Acromegaly due to excess of growth hormone. Why is it difficult to do a direct laryngoscopy?

Acromegaly due to excess of growth hormone. Why is it difficult to do a direct laryngoscopy? A: Distorted facial anatomy B: Macroglossia C:...

According to the study by OReilly and Tushman, effective ambidextrous structures had all of the following attributes except _____________.

According to the study by OReilly and Tushman, effective ambidextrous structures had all of the following attributes except _____________.  A....

Effective ambidextrous organizations have alignment, which means that _____________.

Effective ambidextrous organizations have alignment, which means that _____________.  A. employees are rewarded according to both profit...

If a firm outsources some parts of its value chain in order to reduce costs and increase quality and at the same time engages in multiple alliances to penetrate new markets, this is a example of a firm using a ______________ of organizational types.

If a firm outsources some parts of its value chain in order to reduce costs and increase quality and at the same time engages in multiple alliances...

Coca-Cola, Ford Motor Company, H. J. Heinz, Nike, and Procter and Gamble are working together to develop plant-based plastics. Each company brings its own competency to the table. This collaboration is an example of a _____________.

Coca-Cola, Ford Motor Company, H. J. Heinz, Nike, and Procter and Gamble are working together to develop plant-based plastics. Each company brings its...